[1]张晓艳,刘梅先.气候变化及人为活动对湘江流域径流和输沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(01):30-37.
　ZHANG Xiaoyan,LIU Meixian.Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water and Sediment Discharge in Xiangjiang Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):30-37.
点击复制

气候变化及人为活动对湘江流域径流和输沙的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年01期 页码: 30-37 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-02-28
Title:
Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water and Sediment Discharge in Xiangjiang Basin
作者:
张晓艳1, 刘梅先2,3
1. 湖南第一师范学院, 长沙 410205;
2. 中国科学院 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125;
3. 中国科学院 环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西 环江 547100
Author(s):
ZHANG Xiaoyan1, LIU Meixian2,3
1. Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205 China;
2. Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
3. Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
关键词:
气候变化; 人为活动; 径流; 泥沙; 湘江流域
Keywords:
climate change; human activity; runoff; sediment; Xiangjiang Basin
分类号:
P333
摘要:
湘江是洞庭湖流域最大的支流，在全球气候变化以及高强度人为活动影响的背景下，明确湘江流域水沙关系及其影响因素，对洞庭湖流域水资源安全以及洞庭湖湿地生态环境保护具有重要意义。以湘江控制站湘潭水文站1982—2011年水沙数据为基础，综合考虑气候和人为活动变化等因素，结合趋势分析、突变分析、相关分析等方法，分析了湘江流域年径流量、输沙量、植被覆盖和气候（降雨量（R）、降雨强度（Ri）、最大日降雨量（Rx1）、最大5 d降雨量（Rx5）、干旱情势（Palmer Drought Severity Index（PDSI）和Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index（SPEI）的变化规律，并分三个阶段气候突变前（1981—1990年）、气候突变后至退耕还林前（1991—2002年）和退耕还林后（2003—2011年）探讨了湘江流域水沙变化的影响因素。结果表明，在1982—2011年期间，总体上湘江流域降雨呈下降趋势，但降雨强度、干旱情势和植被覆盖上升。流域径流与气候因子（降雨、PDSI，SPEI）波动步调基本一致，但输沙量呈持续下降趋势。径流和输沙量与气候和植被因子有良好的相关性。进一步分析表明，气候变化是径流变化的主要原因；对于输沙量而言，1995—2002年泥沙降低的主要原因是水利工程建设，而2003—2011年之间输沙量降低则主要因为退耕还林等生态保护措施的综合效应。
Abstract:
Xiangjiang River is the largest tributary in Dongting Lake Basin, knowledge of the water and sediment discharge and their underlying impacting factors is essential for the security of water resources and ecological environment protection in Dongting Lake Basin, especially under the conditions of global warming and intensive human activities. This study analyzed the changing patterns of water and sediment discharge, climate aridity [based on the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) and the 12 month scale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-12)], vegetation coverage (based on NDVI), and precipitation (based on the five indices of precipitation amount (R), rainfall intensity (Ri), max 1-day precipitation amount (Rx1) and max 5-day precipitation amount (Rx5), and investigated the underlying factors for the relationship between water and sediment discharge in Xiangjiang Basin, by using MK trend, MK abrupt change test and correlation analysis. The results showed that the obvious declining precipitation, increasing sc-PDSI and SPEI-12 and precipitation intensity and increasing NDVI were observed in Xiangjiang Basin in the past decades. The trend of runoff was similar to that of precipitation (R) and climate aridity (sc-PDSI and SPEI-12). However, the sediment discharge significantly decreased during the period from1982 to 2011. The reasonable explanation for the decline in 1991—2002 and 2003—2011, might be the water conservancy projects construction and the integrative effects of ‘Grain for Green’ Project, respectively.

参考文献/References:

[1] 孙永寿,段水强,刘希胜,等.近年来青海省黄河流域泥沙变化趋势及成因分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):169-174.
[2] 余果.近60年洞庭湖水沙演变特征及其影响因素[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2012.
[3] 张强,陈桂亚,许崇育,等.长江流域水沙周期特征及可能影响原因[J].水科学进展,2009,20(1):80-85.
[4] Zhang B Q, He C S, Burnhamc M, et al. Evaluating the coupling effects of climate aridity and vegetation restoration on soil erosion over the Loess Plateau in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,539:436-449.
[5] 胡光伟,毛德华,张旺,等.60年来湘江干流径流泥沙过程变化及驱动力分析[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2014,37(2):12-16.
[6] 刘昌明,张学成.黄河干流实际来水量不断减少的成因分析[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):323-330.
[7] Li Z W, Xu X L, Yu B F, et al. Quantifying the impacts of climate and human activities on water and sediment discharge in a karst region of southwest China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016,542:836-849.
[8] Naik P K, Jay D A. Distinguishing human and climate influences on the Columbia River:Changes in mean flow and sediment transport[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2011,404(3/4):259-277.
[9] Gao P, Geissen V, Ritsema C J, et al. Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on stream flow and sediment discharge in the Wei River basin, China[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2013,17(3):961-972.
[10] Wang S A, Fu B J, Piao S L, et al. Reduced sediment transport in the Yellow River due to anthropogenic changes[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016,9(1):38-41.
[11] Zhang L L, Podlasly C, Ren Y, et al. Separating the effects of changes in land management and climatic conditions on long-term streamflow trends analyzed for a small catchment in the Loess Plateau region, NW China[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2014,28(3):1284-1293.
[12] Zhang X P, Zhang L, Zhao J, et al. Responses of streamflow to changes in climate and land use/cover in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Water Resources Research, 2008,44(7):2183-2188.
[13] 李景保,王克林,秦建新,等.洞庭湖年径流泥沙的演变特征及其动因[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):503-510.
[14] 覃红燕,谢永宏,邹冬生.湖南四水入洞庭湖水沙演变及成因分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):609-615.
[15] 黄菊梅,邹用昌,彭嘉栋,等.1960-2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):81-86.
[16] 罗伯良张,林浩.近40年湖南省极端强降水气候变化趋势与突变特征[J].气象,2008,34(1):80-85.
[17] 覃鸿,黄菊梅,闫雍,等.1961-2013年洞庭湖区夏季高温热浪的时空分布特征[C].第31届中国气象学会年会S4极端气候事件和灾害风险管理,2014.
[18] 廖梦思,郭晶.近32年来洞庭湖流域气候变化规律分析[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2014,35(6):109-114.
[19] Min S K, Zhang X, Zwiers F W, et al. Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes[J]. Nature, 2011,470(7334):378-381.
[20] Anyamba A, Small J L, Tucker C J, et al. Thirty-two years of Sahelian zone growing season non-stationary NDVI3g patterns and trends[J]. Remote Sensing, 2014,6(4):3101-3122.
[21] Global-Soil-Data-Task-Group. Global Gridded Surfaces of Selected Soil Characteristics(IGBP-DIS). Data set. Available on-line[http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U. S. A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/569. 2000.
[22] Penman H L. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A,1948,193:120-145.
[23] Allen R G, Pereira L S, Raes D, et al. Crop evapotranspiration:guidelines for computing crop water requirements[M]. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,1998.
[24] Liu M X, Xu X L, Wang D B, et al. Karst catchments exhibited higher degradation stress from climate change than the non-karst catchments in southwest China:An ecohydrological perspective[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016,535:173-180.
[25] Jacobi J, Perrone D, Duncan L L, et al. A tool for calculating the Palmer drought indices[J]. Water Resources Research, 2013,49(9):6086-6089.
[26] Wells N, Goddard S, Hayes M J. A self-calibrating palmer drought severity index[J]. Journal of Climate, 2004,17(12):2335-2351.
[27] Palmer W C. Meteorological Drought[M]. Washington D C:Weather Bureau,1965.
[28] Vicente-Serrano S M, Begueria S, Lopez-Moreno J I. A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming:The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index[J]. Journal of Climate, 2010,23(7):1696-1718.
[29] Wang H S, Liu D S, Lin H, et al. NDVI and vegetation phenology dynamics under the influence of sunshine duration on the Tibetan plateau[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2015,35(5):687-698.
[30] Yue S, Wang C Y. Applicability of prewhitening to eliminate the influence of serial correlation on the Mann-Kendall test[J]. Water Resources Research, 2002,38(6):DOI Artn106810.1029/2001wr000861.
[31] Liu M, Xu X, Sun A. Decreasing spatial variability inprecipitation extremes in southwesternChina and the local/large-scalein?uencing factors[J]. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,2015,120:doi:10.1002/2014JD022886.
[32] Liu M, Xu X, Sun A Y, et al. Is southwestern China experiencing more frequent precipitation extremes[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014,9(6):064002.
[33] Goossens C, Berger A. Annual and seasonal climatic variations over the northern hemisphere and Europe during the last century[J]. Annales Geophysicae:Terrestrial and Planetary Physics,1986,4(4):385-399.
[34] Huang J, Wu P T, Zhao X N. Effects of rainfall intensity, underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments[J]. Catena, 2013,104:93-102.
[35] Zhang G H, Liu G B, Wang G L, et al. Effects of vegetation cover and rainfall intensity on sediment-associated nitrogen and phosphorus losses and particle size composition on the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011,66(3):192-200.
[36] Zhou P, Luukkanen O, Tokola T, et al. Effect of vegetation cover on soil erosion in a mountainous watershed[J]. Catena, 2008,75(3):319-325.
[37] 翟盘茂,王志伟,邹旭恺.全国及主要流域极端气候事件变化[M]//任国玉.气候变化与中国水资源.北京:气象出版社,2007.
[38] Xu X L, Liu W, Scanlon B R, et al. Local and global factors controlling water-energy balances within the Budyko framework[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2013,40(23):6123-6129.
[39] Dai A. Drought under global warming:a review[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Climate Change, 2011,2(1):45-65.
[40] Yang H, Qi J, Xu X, et al. The regional variation in climate elasticity and climate contribution to runoff across China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,517:607-616.

相似文献/References:

[1]余海龙,黄菊莹,王亭荷.宁夏中部干旱带56年来气候生产潜力变化特征研究——以宁夏中宁县为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):172.
　YU Hai-long,HUANG Ju-ying,WANG Ting-he.Impact of Climate Change on Climate Potential Productivity in Recent 56 Years in Middle Arid Regions of Ningxia-A Case Study of Zhongning County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):172.
[2]木沙·如孜,白云岗,雷晓云,等.塔里木河流域气候及径流变化特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):122.
　MUSHA·Ruzi,BAI Yun-gang,LEI Xiao-yun,et al.Study on the Change of Climate and Runoff in the Tarim River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):122.
[3]赵金忠,赵年武,赵恒和,等.贵德县近50年气候变化及对冬小麦生产潜力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):260.
　ZHAO Jin-zhong,ZHAO Nian-wu,ZHAO Heng-he,et al.Climatic Changes in the Past 50 Years in Guide County, Qinghai Province, and Their Influences on Potential Productivity of Winter Wheat[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):260.
[4]张艺,余新晓,范敏锐,等.北京山区刺槐林净初级生产力对气候变化的响应[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):151.
　ZHANG Yi,YU Xin-xiao,FAN Min-rui,et al.Response of Net Primary Productivity of Robinia pseudoacacia Forest to Climate Change in Beijing Mountainous Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):151.
[5]王兮之,梁钊雄,周显辉,等.黄河源区玛曲县植被覆盖度及其气候变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):57.
　WANG Xi-zhi,LIANG Zhao-xiong,ZHOU Xian-hui,et al.Vegetation Coverage and Climate Change of Maqu County in Source Region of Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):57.
[6]何毅,王飞,穆兴民,等.近60年关中一天水经济区降水量特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):65.
　HE Yi,WANG Fei,MU Xing-min,et al.Analysis on Characteristic of Precipitation in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone in Recent 60 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):65.
[7]卓玛兰草,刘普幸,张亚宁,等.甘肃黄土高原区潜在蒸散量时空变化与成因研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):70.
　ZHUO Malancao,LIU Pu-xing,ZHANG Ya-ning,et al.Study on Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Impact Factors in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):70.
[8]焦菊英,刘元保,唐克丽.人为活动对子午岭林区和非林区径流泥沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,1993,(01):94.
　Jiao Juying,Liu Yuanbao,Tang Keli.Effect of Human’s Activities on Runoff and Sediment in Forest Area and Non-forest Area of the Ziwulign Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,(01):94.
[9]南峰,李有利,史兴民.新疆玛纳斯河水量波动与气候变化之间的关系[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):59.
　NAN Feng,LI You-li,SHI Xing-min.Relationship of the Fluctuations of Stream Discharge of the Manas River and Climatic Changes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(01):59.
[10]张开平,戴荣福.蒋家沟泥石流堆积扇区变迁及整治[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(02):129.
　ZHANG Kai-ping,DAI Rong-fu.Evolution and Control of Alluvial Fan of the Jiangjiagou Debris Flow in Dongchuan, Kunming[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(01):129.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-3-20;改回日期:2017-4-10。
基金项目:湖南省自然科学资助项目（2016JJ4025）；国家自然科学资助项目（41601262）；土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金（Y20160037）；中国科学院“西部之光”项目（Y523061111）
作者简介:张晓艳(1986-),女,山东临沂人,博士,讲师,主要从事全球变化与生态系统响应研究。E-mail:hnfnuxyzhang@sina.com
通讯作者:刘梅先(1986-),男,江西吉安人,博士,副研究员,主要从事流域生态水文研究。E-mail:liumeixian@isa.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01