MENG Ji-jun,WU Xiu-qin,LI Zheng-guo.Eco-environmental Responses of Land Use/Cover Changes (1988～2000) in Heihe River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):17-21.
黑河流域LUCC(1988-2000)的生态环境效应研究
- Title:
- Eco-environmental Responses of Land Use/Cover Changes (1988～2000) in Heihe River Basin
- 分类号:
- X171.4
- 摘要:
- 利用1988年和2000年Landsat5的4、3、2（RGB）波段合成影象解译结果，采用中国科学院资源环境数据库中的全国1：10万土地资源利用分类系统，基于GIS（arc view 3.2a），通过对黑河流域近12年来土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）特点揭示，研究了其生态环境效应。结果表明：（1）土地利用结构变化表现出耕地、林地和城镇用地有明显增加，草地和水域都呈减少趋势，反映出区域城镇化进程的加快和生态环境恶化的趋势。LUCC的区域差异明显：上游地区水域在减少，草地和未利用地大量增加，林地和城镇用地变化不大；中游地区耕地、城镇用地大量增加，草地急剧减少；下游地区水域面积大量减少，草场严重退化，未利用地大量增加；（2）上游地区主要表现为冰川退缩，土壤生态系统退化，地表径流中泥沙含量增加，林地水源涵养能力降低，天然植被退化；（3）中游地区农业绿洲虽有较大发展，但天然植被减少，土壤盐渍化、土地沙化、草场退化较为严重；（4）下游地区河道断流加剧，湖泊干涸，地下水位下降，水质恶化，地表植被严重退化，生态功能降低，土地沙化、盐碱化面积迅速扩大，灾害性天气频增。最后，基于流域各段生态环境效应分析，提出了生态重建的对策措施。
- Abstract:
- Taking two composite Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper) images of band 4, 3, 2 taken in 1988 and 2000 respectively as data resources, studies on land use/land cover changes (LUCC) of Heihe River Basin in near 12 years by information about land use and land cover interpreted from those two images were carried out according to land resources classification system of 1:10 0000 Resources and Environmental Database of Chinese Academy of Science.Based on these work, the authors studied the eco-environmental effects of land use/land cover changes.In the process of interpretation Geographical Information System technology (Arc View 3.2a) was used.The results show that great changes have taken place in land use/land cover in Heihe River Basin since 1988; (1) Changes of land use structure show that cropland, woodland and land of urban and built up increased; on the contrary, water area and grassland decreased.These changes reflect the deterioration of eco-environment and the acceleration of urbanization.The regional distinctions of land use/land cover changes were evident; in the upper reaches, water area decreased; grassland and unused land increased greatly; the changes of woodland and urban and built up were not evident.In the middle reaches, cropland and land of urban and built up increased greatly, while grassland decreased rapidly.In the lower reaches, water area decreased obviously; grassland degraded seriously; unused land increased largely. (2) In the upper reaches; the glacier has shrunk; soil ecosystem degraded; the silt content in the run off of earth surface increased; the ability of conserving water of woodland decreased; natural vegetation degraded. (3) In the middle reaches; although agricultural oases have developed in a certain extent, natural vegetation decreased; salination, desertification of land have taken place; grassland degraded seriously. (4) In the lower reaches; the river courses became dry more frequently; lakes also dried; the water table fell; water quality deteriorated; the vegetation degraded greatly; the ecological function was reduced; the area of saline land and sand land was enlarged quickly; disaster climate increased.Finally, based on analysis about eco-environmental effects of each reaches, the authors presented the approaches to ecological restoration.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2005-4-26
基金项目:国家自然基金重点项目（40335046）；面上项目（40201001）资助
作者简介:蒙吉军（1971- ），男，甘肃张掖人，博士，从事综合自然地理学、土地变化科学及区域（旅游）开发与规划方面的教学科研工作。