Shi Xueqi,Cheng Jinhua,Guan Ning,et al.Influence of Root System on Preferential Flow in a Typical Forest Stand in Karst Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):73-83.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.037]
喀斯特地区典型植被根系对优先流的影响
- Title:
- Influence of Root System on Preferential Flow in a Typical Forest Stand in Karst Region
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)05-0073-11
- 关键词:
- 水土保持与荒漠化防治; 根系; 林地; 优先流; 喀斯特地区
- Keywords:
- soil and water conservation and desertification combating; root systems; woodlands; priority streams; karst
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示西南喀斯特地区优先流特征及根系对其影响,明确不同植被类型根系对优先流程度的影响,为当地植被恢复和水源涵养提供依据。[方法]以云南喀斯特地区3种典型林分为研究对象,采用野外染色示踪和统计分析相结合的方法,获得优先流形态特征与染色面积比,结合植物根长密度等4个根系特征参数,运用单因素方差法分析不同林分类型下的优先流程度。[结果](1)3种典型林分根系特征总体呈现天然次生林>天然混交林>人工纯林。(2)不同林分最大染色深度为20—30 cm,随深度增加呈现减少的趋势,垂直剖面和水平剖面均反映出土壤水分发生侧渗。(3)0—2 cm土层出现基质流,随着土层加深其余染色剖面呈指状或漏斗状流动,并显示出明显的根系路径。混交林中优先流主要的运移方式是垂直下渗,而纯林横向流发育程度较高,天然次生林的优先流比最大且长度指数最小,表明复杂的根系结构能有效加强水分在土壤中的运移深度。[结论]3种典型林分根系特征参数与优先流发育密切相关且均有促进作用,但不同林分类型根系指标与优先流发育程度相关性不同。天然次生林的根系指标均呈现负相关关系; 人工纯林的根长密度和根表面积密度呈现正相关关系,根体积密度和根生物量密度呈现负相关关系; 天然混交林的根系指标均呈现正相关关系。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the characteristics of preferential flow and the influence of root system on it in southwest karst region, to clarify the influence of root system on the degree of preferential flow of different vegetation types, and to provide a basis for local vegetation restoration and water conservation. [Methods]Three typical forest types in Yunnan karst region were selected as the research objects. Field dye tracing and statistical analysis were combined to obtain the vertical and horizontal profile morphological characteristics of preferential flow and the dye area ratio. Combined with four root system parameters including root length density, root surface area density, root volume density, and root biomass density, the degree of preferential flow caused by root systems in different forest types was calculated using one-way analysis of variance, in order to determine the influence of root systems on preferential flow. [Results](1)The overall characteristics of the root systems in the three typical forest types were natural secondary forest>natural mixed forest>artificial pure forest.(2)The maximum dye depth in different forest types was 20—30 cm, showing a decreasing trend with increasing depth. Both the vertical and horizontal profiles reflected the lateral seepage of soil moisture.(3)The matrix flow appeared in the surface layer of soil, and the remaining dye profiles showed a downward flow pattern resembling fingers or funnels as the soil layer deepened, indicating obvious root paths. The preferential flow in the mixed forest mainly occurred through vertical infiltration, while the horizontal flow development degree was higher in pure forests. Among them, the pure natural forest had the highest preferential flow ratio and the smallest length index, indicating that a complex root structure could effectively enhance the depth of water movement in the soil.(4)The results of one-way analysis of variance between the root system parameters of the three typical forest types and the corresponding dye area all showed R2>0.8 at the level of p<0.05, indicating that the root system parameters were closely related to the development of preferential flow and had a promoting effect. [Conclusion]Root characteristics of the three typical forest stands are closely related to the development of the preferential flow and all of them promote the development of the preferential flow, but the correlation between the root indexes and the development of the preferential flow vary among different forest types. Root system indicators of natural secondary forests show negative correlations; root length density and root surface area density of planted pure forests show positive correlations, and root volume density and root biomass density show correlations; root system indicators of natural mixed forests show positive correlations.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-09-25 修回日期:2023-11-14
资助项目:国家自然科学基金“喀斯特地区土石二元结构下优先流对坡面水文过程影响机理”(32071839)
第一作者:师雪淇(1999—),女,山西省临汾市尧都区人,硕士研究生,主要从事流域治理研究。E-mail:912752457@qq.com
通信作者:程金花(1979—),女,山东聊城市人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:jinhua_cheng@126.com