Liu Chunyue,Xin Zhongbao,Qin Ruijie,et al.Variation of Runoff and Sediment of the Typical Watershed in Loess Hilly Region in the Different Hydrological Years During the Period from 1986 to 2018[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(01):126-135.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.01.023]
1986—2018年黄土丘陵区典型小流域不同水文年水沙变化
- Title:
- Variation of Runoff and Sediment of the Typical Watershed in Loess Hilly Region in the Different Hydrological Years During the Period from 1986 to 2018
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)01-0126-10
- Keywords:
- Loess Plateau; runoff and sediment variation; wet year; soil and water conservation measures; trend analysis; attribution analysis
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探讨黄土丘陵区罗玉沟典型小流域水沙变化趋势以及不同水文年径流输沙对水土流失治理的响应差异,量化降水和人类活动对流域水沙影响的相对贡献,以期为黄土丘陵第三副区流域水土流失治理和水资源管理提供参考。[方法]基于罗玉沟流域1986—2018年的降雨、径流、输沙等数据,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、累积距平法及双累积曲线法分析流域水沙变化趋势及驱动因素。[结果]1986—2018年罗玉沟流域河流由常流河转变为季节性河流,干河日数显著上升(p<0.01),2000年以来干河日数多在300 d以上; 同期,罗玉沟流域径流输沙显著下降(p<0.05),与基准期1986—1993年相比,1994—2007年减水减沙率分别为61.9%,44.3%,2008—2018年径流输沙分别减少67.5%,76.4%; 在2008—2018年平水年和枯水年间罗玉沟流域输沙模数分别为(1 080.0±107.5)t/km2,(167.8±111.4)t/km2,而在暴雨频发丰水年,输沙模数仍接近4 000 t/km2; 流域产流产沙能力降低,水沙关系发生改变,相同径流条件下输沙量减少,即流域径流含沙量水平降低,开始变清; 相比降雨变化而言,人类活动是流域水沙变化的主导因素,1994—2007年人类活动对减水减沙的贡献率分别为83.3%和79.5%,而2008—2018年人类活动的贡献率分别为91.8%,94.4%,表明流域水沙变化受人类活动影响越来越大,其中,坡改梯及退耕还林还草工程是主要影响因素。[结论]因沟道治理工程建设不足,罗玉沟流域在丰水年因沟道重力侵蚀导致流域输沙仍然剧烈,因此,需要加强沟道治理进一步减少流域水土流失。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the variation trend of water and sediment in the watershed and the differences in the response of runoff and sediment transport to soil and water loss control in different hydrological years, to quantify the relative contributions of rainfall and human activities to the water and sediment in the watershed, and to provide reference for water and soil loss control and water resources management in the third sub-region of the loess hills. [Methods] Based on the data of precipitation, runoff and sediment transport in Luoyugou Watershed of loess hilly region from 1986 to 2018, the water and sediment trend and driving factors were explored by using Mann-Kendall test, cumulative anomaly method and double cumulative curve method. [Results] From 1986 to 2018, the rivers in Luoyugou Watershed changed to seasonal river from permanent river and the number of dry river days increased significantly(p<0.01), with more than 300 dry river days since 2000. During the same period, the rnmoff and sediment transport in Luoyugou Watershed decreased significantly(p<0.05), relatively to those in 1986—1993, the runoff and sediment transport from 1994 to 2007 reduced by 61.9% and 44.3%, respectively. The runoff and sediment transport from 2008 to 2018 reduced by 67.5% and 76.4%, respectively. In normal year and dry year, the sediment transport modulus in Luoyugou Watershed from 2008 to 2018 was(1 080.0±107.5)t/km2 and(167.8±111.4)t/km2, respectively. However, the transport modulus of sediment was still close to 4 000 t/km2 in wet years. The capacity of runoff and sediment yield decreased, the relationship between water and sediment changed, the sediment transport decreased under the same runoff condition, i. e., the runoff sediment content level decreased and the runoff began to become clear. Compared with rainfall change, human activities were the dominant factor on water and sediment change in the watershed. The contribution rate of human activities to runoff and sediment reduction from 1994 to 2007 was 83.3% and 79.5%, respectively, while the contribution rate of human activities from 2008 to 2018 was 91.8% and 94.4%, respectively, indicating that runoff and sediment change in the watershed was increasingly influenced by human activities. Among them, the slope to terrace project and the project of returning farmland to forest or grassland were the main influencing factors. [Conclusion] Due to the lack of channel control project construction and the gravity erosion of the channel in wet years, there is still server sediment transport in Luoyugou Watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the channel control to further reduce soil and water loss in the watershed.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2022-12-19
资助项目:国家自然科学基金“黄土高原水土保持措施对小流域泥沙连通性的影响机制”(42177319)
第一作者:刘春月(1999—),女,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:liuchunyue66@163.com
通信作者:信忠保(1978—),男,山东临沂人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:xinzhongbao@126.com