CHEN Xue,SONG Yali,WANG Keqin.Effect of Contour Reverse-Slope Terrace Measures on Soil Water Storage in Sloping Farmland of Red Soil in Central Yunnan Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(06):92-99.
等高反坡阶措施对滇中红壤坡耕地土壤贮水量的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Contour Reverse-Slope Terrace Measures on Soil Water Storage in Sloping Farmland of Red Soil in Central Yunnan Province
- Keywords:
- contour reverse-slope terrace; slope farmland; soil water storage; water conservation capacity
- 分类号:
- S152.7
- 摘要:
- 为探讨布设等高反坡阶后土壤水分驱动特征，揭示其水源涵养能力，以滇中昆明市北郊松华坝迤者小流域为研究区，采用野外监测与室内测试分析相结合的方法，分析了2017年5月1日-2018年4月30日期间不同土层深度（0-100 cm）土壤贮水量时空变化特征及其与其他物理性质的关系。结果表明：（1）试验期间雨季和旱季降雨量分别为528.5，41.5 mm，占试验年降雨量的92.7%，7.3%，I30（最大30分钟雨强）与降雨量的整体变化趋势一致；（2）布设等高反坡阶后，各土层平均土壤贮水量较原状坡耕地在雨季和旱季分别增加9.6%~13.5%，10.0%~23.9%；（3）布设等高反坡阶后坡耕地土壤贮水量变异系数明显减小（p<0.05），各土层深度下土壤贮水量变异系数的大小为：20 cm > 40 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm > 100 cm；（4）土壤贮水量随土层深度的增加明显减弱，布设等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤贮水量的影响表现为40 cm > 20 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm > 100 cm；（5）等高反坡阶处理和不同土层深度交互作用对土壤贮水量的影响显著，修正模型平方和达到48 149.124。综上，等高反坡阶处理对坡耕地土壤的贮水能力具有明显的提高作用，对坡耕地地表径流拦蓄、增加水分入渗和减少土壤流失改善作用显著。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the characteristics of soil moisture driving under contour reverse-slope terrace, reveal its water conservation ability, the small watershed of Yi Songhuaba Dam in northern suburb of Kunming in central Yunnan was selected as a research area in this study. By means of field monitoring and indoor test analysis, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of soil water storage at different soil depths (0-100 cm) from May 1st, 2017 to April 30th, 2018 and their relationship with other physical properties were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) during the experiment, the amounts of rainfall in rainy season and dry season were 528.5 mm and 41.5 mm, respectively, accounting for 92.7% and 7.3% of the annual rainfall in the experiment. I30(maximum 30 minutes rain intensity) was consistent with the overall change trend of rainfall; (2) under contour reverse-slope terrace, the average soil water storage in each soil layer increased by 9.6%~13.5% and 10.0%~23.9%, respectively, compared with the original sloping farmland in rainy season and dry season; (3) the variation coefficient of soil water storage in sloping farmlands under contour reverse-slope terrace decreased significantly (p<0.05), the variation coefficient of soil water storage in different soil depths decreased in the order:20 cm > 40 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm > 100 cm; (4) soil water storage decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth, and the influence of contour reverse-slope terrace on soil water storage in sloping farmland decreased in the sequence:40 cm > 20 cm > 60 cm > 80 cm > 100 cm; (5) the effect of the interaction of contour reverse-slope terrace treatment and different soil depths on soil water storage was significant, and the sum of squares of the modified model reached 48 149.124. In conclusion, the treatment of contour reverse-slope terrace had the significant effect on the soil water storage capacity, which played an important role in promoting the surface runoff interception, increasing water infiltration and reducing soil loss.
参考文献/References:
[1] 郑洪兵,刘武仁,罗洋,等.耕作方式对农田土壤水分变化特征及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):264-270.
[2] Blevins R L, Cook D, Phillips S H, et al. Influence of no-tillage on soil moisture[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1971,63(4):593-596.
[3] López M V, Arrúe J L, Sánchez-Girón V. A comparison between seasonal changes in soil water storage and penetration resistance under conventional and conservation tillage systems in Aragón[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 1996,37(4):251-271.
[4] He J, Kuhn N J, Zhang X M, et al. Effects of 10 years of conservation tillage on soil properties and productivity in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2009,25(2):201-209.
[5] 张冬梅.覆盖耕作措施对土壤环境和玉米生长的影响[D].太原:山西大学,2007.
[6] 柏炜霞,李军,王玉玲,等.渭北旱塬小麦玉米轮作区不同耕作方式对土壤水分和作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(5):880-894.
[7] 郭清毅,黄高宝, Li Guangdi,等.保护性耕作对旱地麦-豆双序列轮作农田土壤水分及利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):165-169.
[8] 杨永辉,赵世伟,雷廷武,等.宁南黄土丘陵区不同植被下土壤入渗性能[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1040-1045.
[9] 贺慧丹,祝景彬,未亚西,等.高寒草甸土壤贮水量对封育措施的响应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):210-223.
[10] 赵春雷,邵明安,贾小旭.黄土高原北部坡面尺度土壤饱和导水率分布与模拟[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):806-815.
[11] 赵合理,蒋定生,范兴科.不同水土保持措施对坡面降水再分配的影响[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(2):75-83.
[12] 王帅兵,王克勤,宋娅丽,等.等高反坡阶对昆明市松华坝水源区坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):39-45.
[13] 华锦欣,王克勤,张香群,等.等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤水分空间分布的影响:以昆明松花坝水源区为例[J].人民长江,2016,47(1):11-14.
[14] 陈敏全,王克勤.等高反坡阶对坡耕地土壤碳库的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):41-46.
[15] 王帅兵,宋娅丽,王克勤,等.不同雨型下等高反坡阶对红壤坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):160-169.
[16] 李坤,姚文艺,肖培青,等.黄丘区自然草地对坡面土壤入渗的影响机制[J].人民黄河,2017,39(6):82-85.
[17] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[18] 程鹏,高抒,李徐生.激光粒度仪测试结果及其与沉降法、筛析法的比较[J].沉积学报,2001,19(3):449-455.
[19] 邬玉琴,钟博星.乌江流域1956-2014年降雨特征及输沙效应[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):1-7.
[20] 祁如英,朱宝文,祁永婷.春小麦地和大气观测场土壤贮水量对比分析[J].气象科技,2007,35(4):528-530.
[21] 盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[22] Horton J W. Use of vacuum tubes in measurements[J]. Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1935,54(1):93-102.
[23] 王庆海,庞卓,郑瑞伦,等.模拟降雨条件下草篱对坡地浅层土壤水分分布特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):110-115.
[24] 鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,魏殿生,等.青海湖湖东沙地不同沙丘降雨入渗研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):797-803.
[25] 宁婷,郭忠升.半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5168-5174.
[26] 李海防,史梅容,王金叶,等.广西猫儿山毛竹林不同层次土壤含水量的降雨响应[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):120-123.
[27] 张洛丹.不同植被类型对陡坡地土壤水分循环的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[28] 吕渡,杨亚辉,赵文慧,等.黄土高原沟壑区不同植被对土壤水分分布特征影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):60-64.
相似文献/References:
[1]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):14.
SONG Yue,ZHANG Zhong-xue.The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):14.
[2]康万利,揭雨成,邢虎成.南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持效果和经济效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):86.
KANG Wan-li,JIE Yu-cheng,XING Hu-cheng.Study of Soil-Water Conservation Effects and Economic Benefit of Ramie in South Slope Crop Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):86.
[3]吴素业.皖西南山区坡耕地水土流失防治措施[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(04):38.
Wu Suye.The Control Practice of Water and Soil Loss in Hillside Fields of Southwestern Mountain Area of Anhui Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(06):38.
[4]林永知.丘陵地区坡耕地水土流失动态监测分析[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(01):120.
Lin Yongzhi.Analysis on the Dynamic Monitoring of Soil and Water Loss of Slope Farmland in Hilly Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(06):120.
[5]高岚,王振颖.辽宁省坡耕地资源普查及成果分析[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(04):44.
Gao Lan,Wang Zhenying.General Survey of Hillyland Resources and Result Analysis in Liaoning Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(06):44.
[6]孙景华,杨玉阁,张本家,等.辽北低山丘陵区坡耕地水土流失规律研究[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(04):65.
Sun Jinghua,Yang Yuge,Zhang Benjia,et al.Hilly Field Erosion Regulation in Low Mountain Region of Northern Liaoning[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1997,4(06):65.
[7]庞小明.坡耕地地膜小麦栽培技术研究初报[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(04):62.
Pang Xiaoming.The Culture Technology of Plastic Film Wheat in Slope Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(06):62.
[8]彭珂珊.黄土高原水土流失区退耕还林(草)的基本思路[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(02):164.
PENG Keshan.Thinking for Returning the Grain Plots to Forest and Grass Lands in Soil and Water Loess Areas on Loss Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(06):164.
[9]李凤,张如良.坡耕地实行保土耕作的效益试验分析[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(03):184.
LI Feng,ZHANG Ru-liang.Experiment Analysis on Cultivation by Conserving Soil in Sloping Fields[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,7(06):184.
[10]张永涛,王洪刚,李增印,等.坡改梯的水土保持效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(03):9.
ZHANG Yong-tao,WANG Hong-gang,LI Zeng-yin,et al.Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Terracing on the Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(06):9.
[11]陈雪,宋娅丽,王克勤,等.基于Van Genuchten模型的等高反坡阶下土壤水分特征[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(05):45.
CHEN Xue,SONG Yali,WANG Keqin,et al.Moisture Characteristics Under Contour Reverse-Slope Terrace Based on Van Genuchten Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(06):45.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2019-01-03;改回日期:2019-02-17。
基金项目:云南省科技计划重点研发项目（2018BB018）；国家自然科学基金（30660037）；云南省应用基础研究青年项目（2016FD044）；云南省高校优势特色重点学科（生态学）建设项目（050005113111）
作者简介:陈雪(1992-),女,山东泰安人,硕士,研究方向为土壤水分特征研究。E-mail:13053862529@163.com
通讯作者:王克勤(1964-),男,甘肃庄浪人,博导,教授,主要从事小流域环境综合治理的理论与技术研究。E-mail:wangkeqin7389@sina.com