YU Tao,LI Zhanbin,CHEN Yiting,et al.Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Typical Check Dam System in the Third Subregion of Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(04):26-30,35.
黄土丘陵第三副区典型淤地坝系结构特征分析
- Title:
- Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Typical Check Dam System in the Third Subregion of Loess Hilly Region
- Keywords:
- check dam system; cascade mode; water and sediment change
- 分类号:
- S157
- 摘要:
- 为科学认识黄土丘陵区淤地坝系结构特征，对黄土丘陵区第三副区车路沟坝系沟道特征、库容分布特征、泥沙淤积及蓄水量分布特征进行了总结，并对坝系的级联方式进行了解析，对把口站的水沙变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明：（1）车路沟流域随着沟道级别的提高，沟道平均面积增大，平均沟长增加，平均比降减小；Ⅰ级沟道小型坝的数量最多，Ⅱ级沟道中型坝数量最多，Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级沟道则以骨干坝建设为主。（2）随着沟道级别的提高，骨干坝的总库容、设计防洪库容和设计淤积库容表现为逐渐增大，中型坝、小型坝的总库容和设计防洪库容表现为逐渐减小，设计淤积库容先增大后减小。（3）车路沟坝系中型坝和小型坝的设计淤积库容已经几乎淤满，而骨干坝还剩余较大的淤积库容。（4）车路上游坝系单元通过拦蓄洪水泥沙为下游主沟的淤地坝减轻防洪压力，坝系单元内部各中小型坝尽快淤积成地，车路沟坝系仍有较大的淤地潜力；随着车路沟淤地坝系的建设，流域把口站的水沙趋势发生了明显变化。研究成果以期为黄土高原淤地坝系建设管理提供参考。
- Abstract:
- In order to scientifically understand the structural characteristics of check dam system in loess hilly region, we summarize the characteristics of gully channel, reservoir capacity distribution, sediment deposition and water storage distribution in the third subregion of the loess hilly region, as well as analyze the cascade mode of the check dam system and the variation trend of water and sediment at the gate station. The results showed that: (1) as the channel level increased, the average channel area increased, the average groove length increased, and the average ratio decreased; the number of class Ⅰ channel small dams was the largest, the number of class Ⅱ channel medium dams was the largest, as well as the class Ⅲ and class Ⅳ channels were mainly based on backbone dams; (2) as the channel level increased, the total storage capacity, the designed flood storage capacity and the designed deposition capacity of the key dams were gradually increasing, while the total storage capacity and design flood storage capacity of medium dams and small dams gradually reduced, as well as the designed siltation capacity was first increased and then decreased; (3) the designed silt capacity of medium and small dams was almost full, while the key dams still had a large siltation capacity in the dam system of Chelugou waterhsed; (4) the upstream dam system reduced the flood control pressure of dams which are located in the downstream main ditch by holding back the flood and silt; the small and medium dams inside the dam system were silted into the ground as soon as possible, and the Chelugou dam system still had a large potential for siltation. With the construction of Chelugou check dam system, the trend of water and sediment had changed obviously in the outlet station of the watershed. The research results are intended to provide a scientific reference for the construction and management of check dams system on the Loess Plateau.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-10-18;改回日期:2018-11-05。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于能量过程的沟道工程侵蚀阻控机理研究”（51779204）
作者简介:宇涛(1969-),男,陕西乾县人,在读博士,研究方向为水土资源保护与管理。E-mail:1228214611@qq.com
通讯作者:李占斌(1962-),男,河南南阳人,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:zhanbinli@126.com