ZHANG Jianbing,LUO Weiqun,ZHANG Haian,et al.Response of Soil Structure to Different Cultivation Patterns in the Typical Karst Peak-Cluster Depression of Northwest Guangxi[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(02):37-42,48.
桂西北峰丛洼地土壤结构对不同耕作模式的响应
- Title:
- Response of Soil Structure to Different Cultivation Patterns in the Typical Karst Peak-Cluster Depression of Northwest Guangxi
- Keywords:
- soil structure; cultivation patterns; conservation tillage; karst peak cluster farming area; northwest of Guangxi
- 分类号:
- S152.4;S152.5
- 摘要:
- 桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地区因其广泛分布的石漠化和较强的石漠化风险，一直是我国典型的生态脆弱与社会贫困区，也是我国生态恢复与精准扶贫的攻坚区域。土壤障碍和人类不合理活动是该区石漠化的主要驱动因子，评价人类活动对土壤的影响，既是综合防治该区生态退化的基础，也是持续利用该区有限土壤资源，提升农户土地收入的前提。以桂西北典型峰丛洼地农作与生态恢复区——广西果化岩溶生态研究基地（建设于2001年初）为研究区，研究了火龙果（HLG，相当于免耕）、玉米（YMD，相当于翻耕）、甘蔗种植（GZD，相当于垄作+枝叶覆盖还田）3种耕作模式下的土壤结构性质，并将其与退耕还林恢复模式（LD）进行了对比，以评价不同耕作模式的土壤结构效应。结果表明：4种模式下土壤结构差异明显，与LD相比，3种耕作模式显著降低了湿筛土壤大团聚体含量，尤以YMD为甚，其>10 mm含量为17.99%，而LD的高达85.36%，相同的趋势同样体现在干筛土壤团聚体含量方面，HLG，YMD，GZD，LD>10 mm含量分别为57.78%，9.29%，28.07%，59.55%；各地类下干筛、湿筛的平均重量直径与几何平均直径变化趋势与含量趋势一致，均以LD最高，YMD最低；土壤质地方面，四者0.01～2，2～20，20～2 000 μm含量大小顺序分别为YMD > LD > HLG > GZD，LD > HLG > YMD > GZD，GZD > HLG > LD > YMD；同时，耕作强度较为强烈的YMD增加了土壤容重，并减少了土壤孔隙度。本研究认为火龙果种植具有较好的土壤结构保持效应，相当于一种保护性耕作，加之其较高的经济效益，适于在桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地区推广种植。
- Abstract:
- Because of the wide distribution and high risk of rocky desertification, the northwest Guangxi, characterized by karst peak-cluster depression, is a typical ecological fragile and poor region. It is important to evaluate the soil quality under different land uses, to strengthen ecological restoration and to increase peasants’ income in karst peak-cluster depression farming area because the soil problem and unscientific human activities are considered to be the key factors that cause the rocky desertification. Based on the Guohua Karst Ecological Research Base (founded in beginning of 2001), the objectives of this paper are to evaluate soil structure dynamics under three cultivation patterns, Hylocereus undatus (HLG), maize (YMD) and sugarcane (GZD) cultivation, which was representative of the no-tillage, plowing and straw returning, respectively. The results showed that, compare to conversion of cropland to forest (LD), HLG, YMD and GZD decreased the contents of soil macroaggregate significantly both by the methods of wet sieving and dry sieving, the content of >l0 mm soil macroaggregate was 17.99% in the patter of YMD under wet sieving, and 9.29% in dry sieving, and the contents of LD were 85.36% and 59.55% in the pattern of LD. Also, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter by wet sieving and dry sieving decreased in the order: LD>HLG>GZD>YMD. Soil particle size changed with the cultivation pattern obviously, the particle size decreased in the order: YMD > LD > HLG > GZD, LD > HLG > YMD > GZD and GZD > HLG > LD > YMD presented in 0.01～2 μm, 2～20 μm and 20～2 000 μm respectively. However, the soil bulk density increased in the pattern of YMD with the highest value of 1.28 g/cm3 and the lowest value of soil porosity 51.52%. Consequently, it is suggested that Hylocereus undatus plantation is beneficial for karst peak-cluster depression area because of its strong ability of soil structure maintenance and high economic benefits.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-03-02;改回日期:2018-05-05。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41601585）；广西自然科学基金（2015GXNSFBA139196）；国土资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放基金（YR-JJHT-2015-288）；广西科技攻关项目（1598016-11）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502401）
作者简介:张建兵(1984-),男,四川广安人,博士,副研究员,主要从事土壤过程及其生态环境效应研究。E-mail:gxtczjb@163.com
通讯作者:罗为群(1980-),男,湖南衡阳人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事岩溶生态与环境治理研究。E-mail:oyrlwq@karst.ac.cn