XU Songhe,CHEN Yuhao.Effect of Stop Grazing on Characteristics of Plant Community and Soil Nutrients of Typical Grassland in Xilinguole[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(04):15-21.
休牧对锡林郭勒典型草原土壤养分和植物群落特征的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Stop Grazing on Characteristics of Plant Community and Soil Nutrients of Typical Grassland in Xilinguole
- 分类号:
- S812
- 摘要:
- 以内蒙古锡林格勒典型草原羊草群落为研究对象，以长期放牧样地为参照（CK），开展了短期休牧对典型群落土壤养分和植物群落特征的影响研究。结果表明：休牧后典型草原物种特征发生明显的变化，与对照相比，休牧后群落高度、盖度、密度、地上生物量、地下生物量和枯落物量均有所增加，并且随月份（8月、9月、10月）的变化呈递减趋势，休牧和对照样地地下生物量均随土层深度的增加而降低。不同物种多度均随着月份的增加而降低，相同月份植物物种数目均表现为休牧 > 对照，与对照相比，禾本科草的种群密度增加。休牧后典型草原丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均有所增加。土壤总孔隙度与土壤容重变化趋势相反，不同月份土壤容重表现为休牧<对照，土壤总孔隙度则表现为休牧<对照。休牧条件下，土壤养分（有机碳、全氮、全钾、速效磷、速效氮、速效钾）基本呈一致的变化规律，对照样地和休牧样地土壤养分均随着月份的增加呈递增趋势，不同月份之间土壤养分含量均表现为休牧 > 对照，其中全磷在休牧和对照之间差异不显著（p>0.05）。冗余分析（RDA）的结果显示，沿着RDA的第1排序轴，随着显著性影响因子（土壤养分各指标）的增加，丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数逐渐增加，并且丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数与土壤容重呈负相关，排序轴可反映土壤因子的梯度变化特征，表明利用土壤养分作为表征土壤—植被关系的敏感性土壤指示因子是可行的。综合分析表明：休牧有利于锡林郭勒典型草原植被的恢复，本研究为锡林郭勒典型草原的合理管理利用及其可持续利用提供科学依据。
- Abstract:
- Characteristics of plant community and soil nutrients of typical grassland in Xilinguole after stop grazing were studied. The results were as follows. Community height, density, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and litter biomass significantly increased after stop grazing, and these parameters decreased from August through October. The below-ground biomass gradually reduced with the increase of soil depth. Species richness decreased from August through October, and the number of plant species under stop grazing was greater that of CK in the same month. Further, plant species richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance increased due to stop grazing. Soil bulk density increased and soil total porosity decreased due to stop grazing. Similarly, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen and available potassium also decreased due to stop grazing, while there was no significant difference for soil total phosphorus (p>0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that the change order of plant and soil was the same in grazing intensity, and plant diversity increased with the increase of soil nutrients, while soil nutrients showed the negative correlation to soil bulk density, and the sorting shaft could reflect the characteristics of the gradient soil factors, which showed that using soil nutrients as the sensitivity of soil indicating factors of soil-vegetation relationship was feasible. In summary, stop grazing is beneficial for recovery of the vegetation on the typical grassland in Xilinguole.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-01-09;改回日期:2018-03-02。
基金项目:集宁师范学院科学研究项目“薰衣草在乌兰察布地区引种栽培适应性研究”（JSKY2017053）；集宁师范学院科研创新团队建设项目（jtd1703）；集宁师范学院校级重点实验室校级基金（jskypt1702）
作者简介:徐松鹤(1981-),男,内蒙古包头人,硕士,讲师,现主要从事草地生态研究。E-mail:xusonghe163@163.com