GAO Lu,ZHANG Shengwei,ZHU Zhongyuan,et al.Effects of Grazing on Plant Communities and Ecological Functions in Typical Steppe[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(06):205-211.
放牧对干旱半干旱草原植物群落结构和生态功能的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Grazing on Plant Communities and Ecological Functions in Typical Steppe
- 分类号:
- Q948
- 摘要:
- 放牧是全球草地生态系统最主要的人为干扰因素之一。为了解放牧对草原群落特征和生态功能的影响，以锡林郭勒盟典型草原为研究对象，在2015-2017年调查了26个不同放牧条件点的地上生物量（Above Ground Biomass，AGB）和群落结构，分析了二者在不同放牧条件和高程下的变化规律，在此基础上结合全球降水测量（Global Precipitation Measurement，GPM）遥感日降水数据，讨论了降水在不同放牧条件下对草地生物量的影响。结果表明：（1）禁牧点植物高度不同高程梯度均存在显著差异，放牧点植物种类G3和G1，G2存在显著差异。随高程梯度的增加，植物种类先升高后降低，高程为860~1 100 m放牧点植物高度、植物种类和AGB要小于禁牧点，而放牧点在较高高程长势较好；（2）无论禁牧还是放牧，植物高度同AGB的积累均呈显著正相关且放牧点相关性更大，植物种类与AGB的相关性明显低于植物高度与AGB的相关性，放牧对AGB积累的影响更显著；（3）不同放牧条件改变AGB与降水量的关系，但不改变植物种类与降水量的关系，放牧条件下植物种类与降水量的关系与生长期降水量的多少有关。
- Abstract:
- Grazing is one of the most important human disturbance factors in the global grassland ecosystem. In order to understand the influence of grazing on grassland community characteristics and ecological functions, the typical grassland of Xilingol League was taken as the research site, the above-ground biomass (AGB) and community structure of 26 different grazing conditions were investigated in the period 2015-2017, and the changes of AGB and community structure under different grazing conditions and elevations were analyzed. Based on global precipitation measurement remote sensing daily precipitation data, the impact of precipitation on grassland biomass under different grazing conditions was discussed. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences in the elevation gradients between the grazing point plants, and there were significant differences in plant species G3 and G1 and G2 at the grazing point; with the increase of elevation gradient, the plant species increased at first and then decreased, the plant height, plant species and AGB of grazing points at the elevation between 860 m and 1 100 m was smaller than that of non-grazing, and the plant growth at grazing point was better at higher elevation; (2) regardless of whether grazing or non-grazing, plant height was significantly positively correlated with AGB accumulation and the correlation at grazing point was more significant, the correlation between plant species and AGB was significantly lower than that of plant height and AGB; grazing had the greater impact on AGB accumulation; (3) different grazing conditions changed the relationship between AGB and precipitation, but did not change the relationship between plant species and precipitation; the relationship between plant species and precipitation under grazing conditions was related to the amount of precipitation in the growing season.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-12-19;改回日期:2019-01-13。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51779116，51669018）；中国科学院"西部之光"青年学者计划
作者简介:高露(1995-),女,内蒙古乌海人,硕士研究生,研究方向为研究方向为植被生态水文。E-mail:986065746@qq.com
通讯作者:张圣微(1979-),男,黑龙江双城人,教授,博士,主要从事生态水文和定量遥感研究。E-mail:zsw_imau@163.com