WANG Huijing,XIE Yuguang,WANG Yuehui.Impacts of Air Pollution on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Urban Green Plants in Hebei Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(03):170-176,182.
河北省大气污染对不同绿化植物生理生态特性的影响
- Title:
- Impacts of Air Pollution on Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Urban Green Plants in Hebei Province
- 分类号:
- X171;Q143
- 摘要:
- 以常见的4种城市绿化植物为研究对象，从叶片生理生态特性及荧光特性多个方面研究了河北省5个城市大气监测点的绿化植物叶片生理生态特性及叶绿素荧光特性的差别。综合污染指数表明：5个主要城市监测点污染程度由大到小的顺序是：石家庄 > 邢台 > 邯郸 > 唐山 > 张家口，并且SO2和NOx浓度均呈逐年增加的趋势，相同年份SO2和NOx浓度基本表现为：石家庄 > 邢台 > 邯郸 > 唐山 > 张家口，局部有所波动。不同绿化植物叶片类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量大小排序为：榆叶梅 > 香樟 > 合欢 > 洋白蜡；不同绿化植物叶片细胞膜渗透率大小的排序为：洋白蜡 > 合欢 > 香樟 > 榆叶梅；不同绿化植物叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量呈现出一致的变化规律，均表现为榆叶梅和合欢高于洋白蜡和香樟；游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量呈现出一致的变化规律，均表现为榆叶梅和合欢低于洋白蜡和香樟，由此说明洋白蜡和香樟受大气污染较为严重。不同绿化植物叶片Fv/Fm，Fv/Fo，qP和ΦPSⅡ大小基本为合欢和榆叶梅高于洋白蜡和香樟，不同绿化植物叶片qN大小基本为洋白蜡和香樟高于合欢和榆叶梅，不同绿化植物叶片qP差异不显著（p > 0.05）。外源SO3-和MV照光处理5 d，不同绿化植物叶片之间反应的差距增大，洋白蜡和香樟的细胞膜渗透率甚为严重，由此表明合欢和榆叶梅对大气污染的耐受力较强，洋白蜡和香樟则较为敏感，对大气污染的耐受力较低。因此，控制污染源的排放是控制河北省乃至全国大气污染加剧和改善城市绿化景观的重要措施，需要给予极大的关注。
- Abstract:
- Physiological and ecological impacts on four urban green plants in differently air polluted cities in Hebei Province were compared by using the modulated chlorophyll fluorometer (PAM Fluorometer). The results were as follows. The sequence of integrate pollution index was Shijiazhuang > Xingtai > Handan > Tangshan > Zhangjiakou, and the concentrations of SO2 and NOx were increasing year by year, which showed the order: Shijiazhuang > Xingtai > Handan > Tangshan > Zhangjiakou in the same year. The carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of urban green plants showed the sequence:Prunus triloba > Cinnamomum camphora > Albizia julibrissin > Fraxinus chinensis, and the cell membrane penetration urban green plants showed the order: Prunus triloba < Cinnamomum camphora < Albizia julibrissin < Fraxinus chinensis, The soluble protein and soluble sugar contents in Prunus triloba and Albizia julibrissin were higher than those in Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis.The free proline and malondialdehyde contents were lower in Prunus triloba and Albizia julibrissin than those in Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis, which indicated that Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis were more seriously afffected by the air pollution. Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, qP and ΦPSⅡ of Prunus triloba and Albizia julibrissin were higher than those of Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis, and qN of Prunus triloba and Albizia julibrissin were lower than those of Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis, and qN had no significant difference (p > 0.05). When the module SO2 and oxidative stresses were conducted by treating the leaves of these four plants with 5 mmol/L NaHSO3 or 10 μmol/L methyl viologen, the same pronounced increase in cell membrane leakage rate and degradation of chlorophyll were observed. The results indicated that Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis cell membrane penetration were very serious, Cinnamomum camphora and Fraxinus chinensis were sensitive to air pollution and had a lower tolerance to air pollution. So, controlling the sources of pollution emission was the key to control the air pollution in Hebei Province and even the whole country, and important measures must be given great attention to improve urban greening landscape.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-05-17;改回日期:2016-06-24。
基金项目:河北省高等学校科学研究项目“基于北方雾霾城市景观优化构建下的植物群落多样性研究”（Z2015088）；邢台市社会科学规划项目“基于景观规划视角下的乡村旅游发展研究—以邢台县白岸乡为例”（XTSK1551）；河北省社会科学基金项目“基于乡村旅游视角下的太行山乡村景观规划研究”（HB15YS016）
作者简介:王会京(1973-),男,河北磁县人,硕士,讲师,主要从事生态环境研究与设计。E-mail:Huijing_wang73@163.com