ZHENG Wei,WANG Zhongmei.Laboratorial Simulation Influences of Different Rainfall Intensities on Soil Erosion in Karst Area, China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):333-339.
贵州喀斯特地区降雨强度对土壤侵蚀特征的影响
- Title:
- Laboratorial Simulation Influences of Different Rainfall Intensities on Soil Erosion in Karst Area, China
- Keywords:
- karst area; rainfall intensity; runoff; soil erosion
- 分类号:
- S157
- 摘要:
- 降雨对坡面产流、侵蚀过程及养分流失有重要的影响，选取我国西南喀斯特地区作为研究区域，采用人工降雨方法，研究了不同降雨强度对贵州喀斯特地区（裸地和植被覆盖小区）与土壤侵蚀特征的影响。结果表明：（1）在不同降雨强度下，裸地和植被覆盖小区初始产流时间均随降雨强度的增大产流时间提前，并且裸地和植被覆盖小区初始产流时间在不同降雨强度下差异均显著（p < 0.05）。（2）裸地和植被覆盖小区径流速率在5～6 min之后保持稳定，径流速率均随雨强的增大而增大；不同降雨强度下，径流速率均表现为裸地>植被覆盖小区。（3）裸地和植被覆盖小区输沙率变化表现为快速增大、迅速减小、缓慢减小和趋于稳定4个阶段，不同降雨强度下，输沙率均表现为裸地>植被覆盖小区。（4）裸地和植被覆盖小区总径流量和总侵蚀量随雨强的增大而增大，裸地坡面各降雨强度下坡面总径流量差异均显著（p < 0.05），25，50 mm/h降雨强度下植被覆盖小区坡面总径流量差异不显著（p > 0.05），相同降雨强度时总径流量表现为裸地>植被；25，50 mm/h降雨强度下裸地和植被覆盖小区坡面总侵蚀量差异不显著（p > 0.05），相同降雨强度时总径流量和总侵蚀量均表现为裸地>植被覆盖小区。（5）裸地坡面侵蚀养分中DP，K+，SEP和SEK含量均高于植被覆盖小区，其中裸地坡面侵蚀养分DP，K+和SEK含量均显著高于植被覆盖小区（p < 0.05），而SEP含量二者差异不显著（p > 0.05）。（6）相关性分析表明降雨强度为75，100 mm/h时，裸地和植被覆盖小区侵烛泥沙养分含量与泥沙流失量间的相关性明显优于降雨强度为25，50 mm/h时，相同降雨条件下裸地侵蚀量与养分含量的相关系数基本高于植被覆盖小区。以上研究结果表明植被覆盖具有减沙减流、减少土壤侵蚀及养分流失等作用。
- Abstract:
- Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to investigate the influence on soil erosion in Karst area, China. The results showed that:(1) the runoff occurring times of bare and plant cover area were shortening with the increase of rainfall intensities, and the runoff occurring times of bare and plant cover area under different rainfall intensities had the significant difference (p < 0.05); (2) the runoff ratios of bare and plant cover area increased with the increase of rainfall intensities and remained stable after 5~6 minutes, which showed in the order:bare area > plant cover area; (3) the sediment transport ratios of bare and plant cover area could be divided into four periods:rapid increase, fast decrease, decrease and stability, which showed in the sequence:bare area > plant cover area; (4) the total runoff and erosion of bare and plant cover area increased with the increase of rainfall intensities, which showed in the order:bare area > plant cover area, the total runoff of bare area under different rainfall intensities had a significant difference (p < 0.05), the total runoff and erosion of bare and plant cover area had no significant difference under intensities of 25 mm/h and 50 mm/h; (5) the contents of DP, K+ and SEK in bare area were much higher than those in the plant cover area (p < 0.05), while the content of SEP had no significant difference (p > 0.05); (6) There was a varying degrees of positive correlation between slope sediment yield and nutrients, and the correlation coefficients in the rainfall intensities of 75 mm/h and 100 mm/h were much better than 25 mm/h and 5 mm/h, and under the same rainfall intensities, the correlation coefficient of bare area was higher than plant cover area, which implied that plant cover could reduce the soil erosion and nutrient loss.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-04-05;改回日期:2016-05-06。
作者简介:郑伟(1973-),男,贵州遵义人,工程师,研究方向:土壤侵蚀及地质灾害等研究。E-mail:GZZhengwei3@163.com
通讯作者:王中美(1975-),女,贵州贵阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向:水文地质与工程地质。E-mail:wangzm1975@126.com