[1]梁占岐,李锦荣,郭建英,等.退耕还林工程建设对土壤侵蚀的影响——以安塞县为例[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(03):77-81.
　LIANG Zhanqi,LI Jinrong,GUO Jianying,et al.Effects of Returning Farmland to Forest Construction on Soil Erosion—A Case Study of Ansai County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(03):77-81.
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退耕还林工程建设对土壤侵蚀的影响——以安塞县为例

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 23 期数: 2016年03期 页码: 77-81 栏目: 出版日期: 2016-06-28
Title:
Effects of Returning Farmland to Forest Construction on Soil Erosion—A Case Study of Ansai County
作者:
梁占岐1, 李锦荣1, 郭建英1, 邢恩德1, 刘艳萍1, 珊丹1, 侯雪彤2
1. 水利部 牧区水利科学研究所, 呼和浩特 010020;
2. 磴口县水务局, 内蒙古 磴口 015200
Author(s):
LIANG Zhanqi1, LI Jinrong1, GUO Jianying1, XING Ende1, LIU Yanping1, SHAN Dan1, HOU Xuetong2
1. Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China;
2. Waterworks Authority of Dengkou County, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia 015200, China
关键词:
退耕还林; 土壤侵蚀; 安塞县; RUSLE
Keywords:
returning farmland to forest; soil erosion; Ansai County; RUSLE
分类号:
S157
摘要:
以黄土丘陵区退耕还林典型县——安塞县为研究对象，基于3S技术与RUSLE土壤侵蚀模型，从县域尺度上分析评价了黄土高原区退耕还林前后土壤侵蚀变化。研究结果表明：与退耕前1999年相比较，2010年土壤侵蚀强度在空间上发生明显改变，总体上，土壤侵蚀强度有明显减小的趋势。极强烈侵蚀下降幅度最大（下降13.73%），主要向强烈转移，占10.45%；中度侵蚀由35.92%增加到59.98%，主要由强烈侵蚀转移而来，占27.08%；微度和轻度变化较小。土壤侵蚀既有增强区域也有减弱区域，总体趋势以减弱为主。侵蚀加强区域主要是由中度和强烈向强烈、极强烈和剧烈转移，转移面积较小；发生增强的区域主要是以草地覆盖为主；其次是原耕地，退耕还林后转化为林地和草地，部分地区出现裸露斑块，呈现部分小面积土壤侵蚀加剧。土壤侵蚀减弱区域主要是极强烈、剧烈向中度、强烈等转移；转移面积主要发生区域沟壑区低盖度草地、沟道以及河道边缘裸地。随着退耕还林还草工程的实施，荒山林草覆盖度增加，林草植被对降水进行截留下渗，缓减洪峰流量，减少降雨洪峰对沟道和河道侧冲刷，降低土壤侵蚀强度。安塞县实施退耕还林11年后，土壤侵蚀以强度侵蚀为主（46.47%）转中度侵蚀为主（59.98%），全县平均土壤侵蚀由1998年的9 780 t/（km2·a）转为2010年的5 460 t/（km2·a），每年约减少土壤侵蚀量1 274万t。退耕还林工程建设对于安塞县控制水土流失和改善生态环境有着重要作用。研究结果将对该区域水土流失治理提供参考依据。
Abstract:
Selecting the typical loess hilly-gully region returning farmland to forest County as the research example, based on 3S technology and the soil erosion RUSLE model, we analyzed and evaluated loess soil erosion change before and after returning farmland to forest loess plateau zones on the county scale. The results showed that compared with the former farmland in 1999, soil erosion intensity obviously changed on the spacial scale in 2010, on the whole, the soil erosion intensity decreased significantly. Extremely strong erosion decreased most (13.73% decline), shift of very strong erosion mainly to strongly accounted for 10.45%. Moderate erosion increased from 35.92% to 59.98%, which was transferred from the strong erosion, accounting for 27.08%. Slight and mild erosion changes were small. The enhanced area and weakened area of soil erosion were observed, and the overall trend of erosion density was declining. The transfer of moderate erosion to strong, and very strong erosion occurred in strengthened erosion area, but transferred area was small; enhanced area was mainly dominated by grassland coverage; the second one was the farmland converted to forestland and grassland, and bare patch appeared in some parts with the increased intensity of soil erosion. The transfer of strong erosion to moderate, and very strong erosion to strong erosion occurred in weakened erosion areas. The areas was grassland with low coverage, channel, and bare land of channel gully edge. With the implementation of Grain for Green Project, grass coverage increased in the former barren land, rainfall is trapped by vegetation and infiltrates in soil. Plants play the roles in mitigating peak flow and reducing channel erosion,which makes the soil erosion intensity decrease. After the implementation of 11-year Ansai County Forest, soil erosion intensity changed from the strong erosion (46.47%) to moderate erosion (59.98%), the average soil erosion in the county changed form 9 780 t/(km2·a) in 1998 into 5 460 t/(km2·a) in 2010, the annual reducing soil erosion was 12.74 million t. Returning farmland to forest construction played an important role in the control of soil erosion and improvement of ecological environment. These results will provide reference for soil erosion control in this region.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2015-05-14;改回日期:2015-06-23。
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项“中国南方退耕还林工程建设效益评价研究”（201004018）
作者简介:梁占岐(1962-),男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事草地水土保持与生态环境保护及草地节水灌溉研究。E-mail:mkslzq@126.com
通讯作者:李锦荣(1980-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事荒漠化防治及生态遥感研究。E-mail:lijinrong918@126.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01