[1]王冬,杨政,郝红敏,等.黄土区退耕草地凋落物-土壤界面水分过程特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(01):80-84.
　WANG Dong,YANG Zheng,HAO Hongmin,et al.Hydrological Processes of Litter-Soil Interfacial Systems in Restoration Grasslands of the Loess Plateau，China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(01):80-84.
点击复制

黄土区退耕草地凋落物-土壤界面水分过程特征研究

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 22 期数: 2015年01期 页码: 80-84 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-02-28
Title:
Hydrological Processes of Litter-Soil Interfacial Systems in Restoration Grasslands of the Loess Plateau，China
作者:
王冬1,2, 杨政1,2, 郝红敏1,2, 武高林1,2, 朱元骏1,2, 史志华1,2
1. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨陵 712100;
2. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨陵 712100
Author(s):
WANG Dong1,2, YANG Zheng1,2, HAO Hongmin1,2, WU Gaolin1,2, ZHU Yuanjun1,2, SHI Zhihua1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. Institute of Soil and Water Con
关键词:
黄土高原; 退耕还草; 凋落物; 蒸发; 保水效应
Keywords:
Loess Plateau; conversion of cropland to natural grassland; litter; evaporation; water holding capacity
分类号:
S152.7
摘要:
为研究不同退耕年限草地下垫面层凋落物对土壤蒸发过程和表层土壤保水特征的影响，通过室内模拟试验，以黄土高原地区不同退耕年限草地凋落物质量为因子，依据野外退耕还草5 a，15 a，30 a的草地凋落物覆盖特征，设3个凋落物处理水平，以裸地为对照，比较分析了不同草地枯落物特征对地表土壤界面的水分过程影响效应。研究结果表明：具有凋落物处理能够有效地延缓径流的产生，并能显著增加表层土壤持水量；凋落物持水量与凋落物质量呈显著线性正相关；在降雨后24 h内，凋落物层抑制土壤蒸发作用比较明显；随着凋落物含量的增加，72 h后表层土壤含水量显著提高。在黄土高原干旱半干旱地区，耕地退耕后凋落物的增加显著改善了地表土壤的持水能力，提高了表层土壤水分含量。
Abstract:
Simulating rainfall experiments were conducted to study the effects of litter layer on moisture evaporation and water storage capacity of the litter-soil interfacial systems. In this experiment, four treatments were designed, litter layers of grassland naturally restored for 5,15,and 30 years were mulched on the surface soil and bare surface soil was taken as contrast. The results showed that the litter layer treatments not only delayed the runoff emergence, but also increased the water-hold quantity significantly. The relationship between the litter mass and litter storage water can be described by the linear function. The results indicated that the litter layers can efficiently inhibit soil moisture evaporation, especially at the high level of litter-soil interfacial systems water content during the successive evaporation of 24 hours. After the 72 hours, the soil water content of the surface soil increased significantly with the increase of restoration years, while the proportion of cumulative evaporation of the rain-hold quality decreased. In the semi-arid loess plateau region, the litter layer of the restoration grassland could improve the water holding capacity of the surface soil and increase the soil water content.

参考文献/References:

[1] 师阳阳,陈云明,张光辉,等.不同退耕年限撂荒地植物多样性及生物量分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):36-40,44.
[2] Mulumba L N, Lal R. Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2008,98(1):106-111.
[3] Mayorá G, Bautista S, Bellot J. Factors and interactions controlling infiltration, runoff, and soil loss at the microscale in a patchy Mediterranean semiarid landscape[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2009,34(12):1702-11.
[4] 王浩,杨贵羽,贾仰文,等.以黄河流域土壤水资源为例说明以"ET管理"为核心的现代水资源管理的必要性和可行性[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,39(10):1691-1701.
[5] 王鹏程,肖文发,张守攻,等.三峡库区森林植被林地枯落物现存量及其持水能力[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):41-47.
[6] Sato Y,Kumagai T O, Kume A, et al. Experimental analysis of moisture dynamics of litter layers-the effects of rainfall conditions and leaf shapes[J]. Hydrological Processes,2004,18(16):3007-3018.
[7] Li X, Niu J, Xie B. Study on hydrological functions of litter layers in north China[J]. PloS one,2013,8(7):e70328.
[8] 陈洪松,邵明安,王克林.黄土区荒草地和裸地土壤水分的循环特征[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1853-1857.
[9] 陈杰,刘文兆,王文龙,等.长武黄土高塬沟壑区降水及侵蚀性降雨特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):27-31.
[10] 唐克丽.土壤侵蚀环境演变与全球变化及防灾减灾的机制[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(2):81-86.
[11] 朱元骏,邵明安.钙结石含量对土壤水分蒸发影响的模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):77-81.
[12] Shi Z H, Fang N F, Wu F Z, et al. Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,454/455:123-130.
[13] Huang Z G, Ouyang Z Y, Li F R, et al. Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(11):1765-1773.
[14] Boer M, Puigdef Bregas J. Effects of spatially structured vegetation patterns on hillslope erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean environment:a simulation study[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2005,30(2):149-167.
[15] 刘广全,王浩,秦大庸,等.黄河流域秦岭主要林分凋落物的水文生态功能[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(1):55-62.
[16] 原翠萍,张心平,雷廷武,等.砂石覆盖粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):25-28.
[17] 李学斌,马琳,杨新国,等.荒漠草原典型植物群落枯落物生态水文功能[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(5):834-838.
[18] 赵晓春,刘建军,任军辉,等.贺兰山4种典型森林类型凋落物持水性能研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):107-111.

相似文献/References:

[1]肖培青,姚文艺,张海峰.黄土高原植被固土减蚀作用研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):282.
　XIAO Pei-qing,YAO Wen-yi,ZHANG Hai-feng.Research Progress of the Role of Vegetation in Soil Conservtion and Soil Erosion Reduction on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):282.
[2]马芹,张晓萍,万龙,等.黄土高原河龙区间最大日雨量(PMP)极值拟合及时空演变特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):71.
　MA Qin,ZHANG Xiao-ping,WAN Long,et al.Fitting of the PMP Values and Identifying Its Spatiotemporal Characteristics in the Helong Section on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):71.
[3]卓玛兰草,刘普幸,张亚宁,等.甘肃黄土高原区潜在蒸散量时空变化与成因研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):70.
　ZHUO Malancao,LIU Pu-xing,ZHANG Ya-ning,et al.Study on Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Impact Factors in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):70.
[4]施宇,温仲明,龚时慧,等.黄土丘陵区植物功能性状沿气候梯度的变化规律[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):107.
　SHI Yu,WEN Zhong-ming,GONG Shi-hui,et al.Trait Variations along a Climatic Gradient in Hilly Area of Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):107.
[5]刘元保.黄土高原集流槽的发育与控制[J].水土保持研究,1990,(02):34.
　Liu Yuanbao.Development of Runoff Groove on Loess Plateau and Its Control[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(01):34.
[6]周泽生,李立,王晗生.黄土高原林农复合生态系统建造模式及效益的研究[J].水土保持研究,1992,(01):77.
　Zhou Zesheng,Li Li,Wang Hansheng.A STUDY ON THE CONSTRUCTION MODEL OF THE COMPLEX ECOSYSTEM OF AGROFORESTRY AND ITS BENEFITS ON THE LOESS PLATEAU[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(01):77.
[7]杨勤科,宋桂琴,李锐.黄土高原土地资源调查中几个问题的讨论[J].水土保持研究,1992,(02):13.
　Yang Qinke,Song Guiqin,Li Rui.Approaches to Land Resurces Surveying of Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(01):13.
[8]穆兴民,陈国良,徐学选.黄土高原降水量与地理因素关系分析[J].水土保持研究,1992,(02):80.
　Mu Xingmin,Chen Guoliang,Xu Xuexuan.ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION AND GEOGRAPICAL FACTORS IN LOESS PLATEAU[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(01):80.
[9]刘静.数字化地形模型（DTM）在水土保持中的应用[J].水土保持研究,1992,(02):96.
　Liu Jeng.ESTABLSHING AND APPLICATION OF DTM FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(01):96.
[10]郑粉莉,刘元保,白红英,等.森林植被破坏对生态环境的影响[J].水土保持研究,1993,(01):99.
　Zheng Fenli,Liu Yuanbao,Bai Hongying,et al.Effect of Forest Vegetation Destruction on Eco-Environment[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,(01):99.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2014-05-28;改回日期:2014-09-02。
基金项目:国家自然科学资助项目（41371282，41371242）；中国科学院百人计划支持项目；陕西省科技计划项目（2014KJXX-15）
作者简介:王冬(1988-),男,陕西渭南人,博士研究生,研究方向为草地生态水文过程。E-mail:wangdong8811@gmail.com;武高林(1981-),男,山西文水人,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事草地恢复与生态过程方面的研究。E-mail:gaolinwu@gmail.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01