TIAN Tai-qiang,HE Bing-hui,HUANG Wei.Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Production under Different Fertilization and Tillage Patterns in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(01):61-65,70.
三峡库区坡耕地不同施肥水平与耕作模式径流泥沙流失规律
- Title:
- Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Production under Different Fertilization and Tillage Patterns in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
- Keywords:
- Three Gorges Reservoir Area; different fertilization; sediment; runoff
- 分类号:
- S157.2
- 摘要:
- 为有效防治坡地水土流失，减轻农业面源污染，以原位径流小区长期（2010—2012年）观测试验为基础，以“冬小麦—夏玉米”种植模式为研究对象，设置对照（T0）、常规（T1）、优化（T2）、增量（T3）、横坡垄作（T4）5个处理，分析了三峡库区紫色土坡耕地不同施肥水平与耕作模式下径流泥沙流失规律及其对降雨的响应。研究发现：（1） 各处理5月份的径流量占观测时段内总径流量的16.39%～21.96%，侵蚀量占观测时段内总侵蚀量的12.53%～25.56%，产生侵蚀性降雨的最小降雨量为20.5 mm。（2） 不同施肥与耕作模式下降雨量与径流量、侵蚀量均呈y=ax+b（a > 0）的线性关系；通径分析表明，侵蚀量的变化是径流量直接作用的结果，施肥对土壤侵蚀及产流的影响是通过改变土壤理化性质和作物地面覆盖度而实现的。（3） 不同施肥水平与耕作模式下径流总量与侵蚀总量的变化趋势一致，在不同施肥水平下径流总量与侵蚀总量均表现出：T0 > T1 > T3 > T2，不同耕作模式下径流总量与侵蚀总量均表现出：T2 > T4。横坡耕作和优化施肥模式能够更有效地减少地表径流，降低土壤侵蚀量，是三峡库区防治坡耕地水土流失的有效途径。
- Abstract:
- In order to reduce soil and water loss in sloping fields and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, based on the long term(2010—2012) in site runoff plots observation experiment with the treatments of CK(T0),combined application of manure and fertilizer(T1),chemical fertilizer(T2),chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization(T3),and contour plowing with chemical fertilizer(T4) in the cropping of winter wheat-summer maize, the characteristic of runoff and eroded sediment under different fertilization and tillage patterns were studied. Result were as follows: (1) the runoff in May accounted for 16.39%～21.96%,and the erosion amount accounted for 12.53%～25.56% of the entire observation time,the minimum erosive rainfall is 20.5mm; (2) under different fertilization and tillage patterns,the rainfall,runoff volume and erosion rate showed a linear relationship(y=ax+b, a > 0),the erosion of changes was driven by runoff, fertilization affected soil erosion and runoff by changing the physical and chemical properties of and crop ground cover; (3) changes of the total runoff and erosion had the same trend in different fertilization and tillage patterns, total amount of runoff and erosion showed in different fertilization levels as tbe order of T0 > T1 > T3 > T2,total amount of runoff and erosion amount showed different tillage modes as the sequence of T2 > T4.The result suggested that contour plowing and chemical fertilizer could significantly reduce runoff and soil erosion,which is an effective way to control soil erosion in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-05-07;改回日期:2013-06-07。
基金项目:农业部公益性行业科研项目（201003014-6-3）；国家自然科学基金项目（40971166）；重庆市重大科技专项（CSTC2009AB1115）；西南大学生态学重点学科“211工程”三期建设项目
作者简介:田太强(1987-),男,贵州铜仁人,硕士,主要从事城市水土保持研究。E-mail:tiantaiqiang@163.com
通讯作者:何丙辉(1966-),男,湖南汩罗人,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与小流域综合治理研究。E-mail:hebinghui@swu.edu.com