YAN Xiao-juan,ZHANG Sui-qi,WANG Zong-ren,et al.Responses of Root Growth and Water Use Efficiency to Planting Density for Winter Wheat Varieties from Different Eras in Semi-arid Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):32-36.
半干旱地区不同年代冬小麦品种根系生长和水分利用效率对种植密度的响应
- Title:
- Responses of Root Growth and Water Use Efficiency to Planting Density for Winter Wheat Varieties from Different Eras in Semi-arid Region
- 分类号:
- Q945.79
- 摘要:
- 优良的品种与科学合理的种植密度是提高小麦产量的基础。试验以3个不同年代在黄土高原半干旱地区大面积推广的冬小麦品种为试验材料，设置了3个种植密度（100万株/hm2、250万株/hm2、350万株/hm2），通过田间小区实验研究了种植密度对其根系生长，产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：不同年代冬小麦品种的根系生长，水分利用效率及其产量对种植密度的响应不同。1960s品种（丰产3号）的根系生长、产量及水分利用效率随种植密度的增加而降低；1980s品种（小偃6号）在中密度时根系生长，产量及水分利用效率最大，低密度次之，高密度最小；现代品种（长旱58）根系生长，产量及水分利用效率随种植密度的增加而提高。在本实验条件下，现代品种较前品种的最高水分利用效率和最高产量均显著增加，而相应的根重密度和根长密度却显著降低。这表明在黄土高原半干旱地区小麦品种更替过程中，小麦的根系生长可能存在对其产量和水分利用效率不利的冗余，只不过这种根系生长的冗余随品种的更替而降低，并因此提高了其水分利用效率和产量。
- Abstract:
- Fine cultivar and suitable planting density are fundamentals for improving wheat yield. We tried to determine the influence of the planting density on the growth of root system, water use efficiency (WUE) and yields for winter wheat varieties from different eras in semi-arid region. Three cultivars introduced between 1960s and 2000s in the Loess Plateau were grown at three different planting density (100×104 plants/hm2, 250×104 plants/hm2 and 350×104 plants/hm2) in the field. The results showed that the yields and WUE reduced along with the increase of planting density for the variety Fengchan3 in 1960s,; the yields and WUE were the highest at middle density for the variety-Xiaoyan6 in 1980s, followed by low density, and with the lowest at the maximum density; and the yields and WUE steadily increased along with the increase of planting density for the variety-Changhan58 in 2000s. We also found that the maximum yields and WUE of morden cultivar increased, but both root weight density and root length density reduced accordingly. Our findings suggest that there exists root redundancy, which is adverse for increasing yields and WUE in winter wheat in the Loess Plateau. However, this kind of redundancy reduced with varietal replacement and thus promotes the yields and WUE.
参考文献/References:
[1] Boogaard R V D, Veneklaas E J, Lambers H. The association of biomass allocation with growth and water use efficiency of two Triticum aestivum cultivars[J]. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1996,23(5):751-761.
[2] Brancourt-Hulmel M, Doussinault G, Lecomte C, et al. Genetic improvement of agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivars released in France from 1946 to 1992[J]. Crop Science,2003,43(1):37-45.
[3] Shearman V J, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott R K, et al. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the UK[J]. Crop Science,2005,45(1):175-185.
[4] 曹广才.华北小麦[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:27-28.
[5] 张荣,孙国钧,张大勇.干旱、半干旱地区作物育种的困惑与出路[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(6):930-935.
[6] Siddique K H M, Belford R K, Tennant D. Root:Shoot ratios of old and modern, tall and semi-dwarf wheats in a mediterranean environment[J]. Plant and Soil,1990,121(1):89-98.
[7] 张岁岐,山仑,邓西平.小麦进化中水分利用效率的变化及其与根系生长的关系[J].科学通报,2002,47(17):1327-1331.
[8] 张荣,孙国钧,李凤民,等.两春小麦品种竞争能力、水分利用效率及产量关系的研究[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):235-242.
[9] 李话,张大勇.半干旱地区春小麦根系形态特征与生长冗余的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(1):26-30.
[10] Guberac V, Martincic J, Maric S, et al. Grain yield components of winter wheat new cultivars in correlation with sowing rate[J]. Cereal Research Communications,2000,28(3):307-314.
[11] Patrick M C, Richard D H, Woodrow W P. Tillage and seeding rate effects on wheat cultivars[J]. Crop Science,2003,43(1):210-218.
[12] Gooding M J, Pinyosinwat A, Ellis R H. Responses of wheat grain yield and quality to seed rate[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science,2002,138(3):317-331.
[13] 刘立生,张岁岐,王征宏.不同倍性小麦材料对水分和密度条件的响应[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(5):203-209.
[14] Palta J A, Chen X, Milroy S P, et al. Large root systems:Are they useful in adapting wheat to dry environments[J]. Functional Plant Biology,2011,38(5):347-354.
[15] Jackson R B, Sperry J S, Dawson T E. Root water uptake and transport:Using physiological processes in global predictions[J]. Trends in Plant Science,2000,5(11):482-488.
[16] Hurd E A. Phenotype and drought tolerance in wheat[J]. Agricultural Meteorology,1974,14(1/2):39-55.
[17] Passioura J B. Roots and drought resistance[J]. Agricultural Water Management,1983,7(1/3):265-280.
[18] O’Brien L. Genetic variability of root growth in wheat (T. aestivum L.)[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1979,30(4):587-595.
[19] Manske G G B, Vlek P L G. Root Architecture-Wheat as a Model Plant[M]//Waisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi U. Plant roots:the hidden half,2002:49-259.
[20] 陶毓汾,王立祥,韩仕峰,等.中国北方旱农地区水分生产潜力及开发[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:41-47.
相似文献/References:
[1]张燕青,刘文兆.不同施肥处理下麦田水分利用过程及其效率特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):133.
ZHANG Yan-qing,LIU Wen-zhao.Characteristics of Water Utilization Process and Efficiency under Different Fertilization Treatments in a Wheat Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):133.
[2]刘战东,高阳,巩文军,等.冬小麦冠层降雨截留过程及其模拟研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):53.
LIU Zhan-dong,GAO Yang,GONG Wen-jun,et al.Study on Winter Wheat Canopy Interception Process of Rainfall and Simulation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):53.
[3]赵金忠,赵年武,赵恒和,等.贵德县近50年气候变化及对冬小麦生产潜力的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):260.
ZHAO Jin-zhong,ZHAO Nian-wu,ZHAO Heng-he,et al.Climatic Changes in the Past 50 Years in Guide County, Qinghai Province, and Their Influences on Potential Productivity of Winter Wheat[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):260.
[4]康玲玲,魏义长.不同氮素水平下土壤水分对冬小麦干物质及养分分配的影响[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(01):27.
Kang Lingling,Wei Yichang.Effects of Soil Moisture on Dry Mass of Winter Wheat and Distribution of Nutrient Elements under Different Nitrogenous Fertilizeres[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,2(06):27.
[5]刘耀宏,党增春,李鼎新.上黄试区冬小麦引种试验研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):81.
Liu Yaohong,Dang Zengchun,Li Dingxin.Study on Seeds Selection of Winter Wheat in Shanghuang Experimental Field[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(06):81.
[6]徐学选.冬小麦在固原试区的生态适应性[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(01):99.
Xu Xuexuan.Ecological Adaptability of Winter Wheat in Guyuan Experimental Station[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(06):99.
[7]刘忠民,山仑,邓西平,等.施肥和密度对春小麦产量根系及水分利用的影响[J].水土保持研究,1998,5(01):70.
Liu Zhongmin,Shan Lun,Deng Xiping,et al.Output Roots Growth and Water Use of Spring-wheat as Affected by Fertilization and Density of Plant[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1998,5(06):70.
[8]邓西平.渭北地区冬小麦的有限灌溉与水分利用研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(01):41.
Deng Xiping.The Study of Limited Irrigation on the Winter Wheat and Water Utilization[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,6(06):41.
[9]张岁岐,山仑.节水灌溉条件下冬小麦优化施肥研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(01):79.
Zhang Suiqi,Shan Lun.Study on Optimum Application of Winter Wheat under Water Saving Irrigation Condition[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,6(06):79.
[10]上官周平,刘文兆,徐宣斌,等.旱作农田冬小麦水肥耦合增产效应[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(01):103.
Shangguan Zhouping,Liu Wenzhao,Xu Xuanbin.Interactive Effects of Water and Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,6(06):103.
[11]孙志强,王宗胜,鲍国军,等.施肥对黄土高原旱地冬小麦根系生长的影响[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(01):141.
SUN Zhi-qiang,WANG Zong-sheng,BAO Guo-jun,et al.Effect of Fertilization on the Growth of Winter Wheat Roots in Dryland in Loses Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(06):141.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-04-10;改回日期:2013-05-06。
基金项目:国家高技术研究（863）发展计划项目（2011AA100504）；高等学校学科创新引智计划资助（B12007）
作者简介:燕晓娟(1980-),女,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物水分生理生态研究。E-mail:popedox1@163.com
通讯作者:张岁岐(1966-),男,陕西岐山人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事植物水分生理生态研究。E-mail:sqzhang@ms.iswc.ac.cn