[1]卢爱刚,索安宁,张镭.基于SWAT模型的黄土高原典型区水土流失格局模拟评价[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):57-61,65.
　LU Ai-gang,SUO An-ning,ZHANG Lei.Simulation of Spatial Pattern of Soil Water Loss in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau Based SWAT Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(02):57-61,65.
点击复制

基于SWAT模型的黄土高原典型区水土流失格局模拟评价

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 18 期数: 2011年02期 页码: 57-61,65 栏目: 出版日期: 2011-04-20
Title:
Simulation of Spatial Pattern of Soil Water Loss in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau Based SWAT Model
作者:
卢爱刚1, 索安宁2, 张镭3
1. 渭南师范学院, 陕西 渭南 714000;
2. 国家海洋环境监测中心, 辽宁 大连 116023;
3. 陕西省科学器材公司, 西安 710054
Author(s):
LU Ai-gang1, SUO An-ning2, ZHANG Lei3
1. Department of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Teachers University, Weinan, Shaanxi 714000, China;
2. National Marine Environment Monitor Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China;
3. Scientific Equipment Company of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710054, China
关键词:
水土流失; 空间格局; SWAT模型; 土地覆被; 汭河流域
Keywords:
soil water loss; spatial pattern; SWAT model; land cover; Ruihe watershed
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
运用分布式生态水文模型SWAT对黄土高原典型区汭河流域的本底径流深度、本底侵蚀模数、现状径流深度、现状侵蚀模数分别进行了模拟研究，并以本底径流深度和本底侵蚀深度为标准分别对流域的现状径流和现状侵蚀进行定量空间评价。研究结果表明：（1）SWAT模型能够准确地模拟汭河流域水土流失总量及其空间格局。（2）汭河流域上游的多数集水区本底径流深度为70 mm，占流域面积的68.68%，流域中下游集水区本底径流深度多数为60 mm，占流域面积的28.96%。流域土壤侵蚀模数普遍在8 t/hm2以下，只有极少数集水区的侵蚀模数在8~20 t/hm2之间。（3）随着土地覆被盖度的增高，流域径流量减小，输沙量也减小，蒸发量增加，径流深度和侵蚀模数的空间异质性变小，水土流失的风险降低。（4）土壤侵蚀模数的空间异质性比径流深度的空间异质性对土地覆被变化更为敏感，5种土地覆被情景中，土壤侵蚀模数的空间异质性的大小顺序是：耕地、低覆盖度草地>裸地、沙化土地>当前土地覆被>疏林、草地>林地。
Abstract:
The spatial patterns of soil water loss were simulated in five different landscapes in Ruihe watershed on the Loess Plateau using distributed hydrological model SWAT. And results showed: (1) SWAT model can reasonably describe the soil water loss and its spatial pattern; (2) The background depth of the streams in most catchments of the upstream of Nahe River is 70 mm, accounting for 68.68% of the total catchments; and the depth of the streams of the downriver catchments is 60 mm, accounting for 68.68% of the total catchments, and most of the erosion modulus of the soil of the whole catchments is less than 8 t/hm2, with only a few between 8~20 t/hm2; (3) Both the runoff and sediment transport decreased with increase of land cover, companying by decrease of spatial heterogeneity and security of soil water loss;(4) The spatial heterogeneity of erosion modulus is more sensitive to land cover change than that of depth of runoff, and the order of the spatial heterogeneity of erosion modulus in 5 landscape types is farm-low density and ranks as grass landscape>bare-desert landscape>current landscape>forest-grass landscape>forest landscape.

参考文献/References:

[1] Shi H, Shao M A. Soil and water loss from the Loess Plateau in China[J].Journal of Arid Environments, 2000, 45:9-20.
[2] 程积民, 万惠娥.中国黄土高原植被建设与水土保持的关系[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2002.
[3] 张晓明, 余新晓, 武思宏, 等.黄土区森林植被对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 25 (9):1613-1617.
[4] 张志强, 王礼宪, 余新晓, 等.渗透坡面林地地表径流运动的有效粗糙率研究[J].林业科学, 2000 (5):22-27.
[5] 张建军, 毕兴华, 张宝颖.坡面水土保持林地地表径流挟沙能力研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2003 (5):25-28.
[6] 胡良军, 李锐, 杨勤科.基于GIS的区域水土流失评价研究[J].土壤学报, 2001, 38 (2):167-174.
[7] Fobrer N, Haverkamp S, Eckhardt K, et al. Hydrologic response to land use changes on the catchment scale[J]. Phys. Chem. Earth (B) , 2001, 26:577-582.
[8] Rango A.A assessment of remote sensing input to hydrological models[J].Water resources bulletin, 1985 (3):423-432.
[9] Arnold J G, Srinivasan R, Muttiah R S, et al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I, Model development[J]. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 1998, 34:73-89.
[10] Saleh A, Arnold J G, Gassman P W, et al.Application of SWAT for the Upper North Bosque watershed[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 2000 (5):1077-1087.
[11] Fontaine T A, Cruickshank T S, Aronld J G, et al.Development of a snowfall-snowmelt routine for mountains terrain for the soil water assessment tool (SWAT)[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2002, 262:208-223.
[12] Eckhandt K, Haverkamp S, Fohrer N, et al. SWAT-G, a version of SWAT99.2 modified for application to low mountain range catchment[J]. Physics and Chemistry of Earth, 2002, 27:641-644.
[13] 王中根, 刘昌明, 黄友波.SWAT模型的原理、结构及应用研究[J].地理科学进展, 2003, 22 (1):79-86.
[14] 黄清华, 张万昌. SWAT分布式水文模型在黑河干流山区流域的改进与应用[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 40 (2):22-26
[15] 杨桂莲, 郝芳华, 刘昌明, 等.基于SWAT模型的基流估算及评价[J].地理科学进展, 2003, 22 (5):463-471.
[16] 陈军峰, 陈秀万. SWAT模型的水量平衡及其在梭磨河流域的应用[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 40 (2):265-270.
[17] 张东, 张万昌, 朱利, 等.SWAT分布式水文物理模型的改进及应用研究[J].地理科学, 2005, 20 (4):434-440.
[18] 史培军, 袁艺, 陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响[J].生态学报, 2001, 21 (7):1042-1049.
[19] 索安宁, 李金朝, 王天明, 等.黄土高原流域土地利用变化的水土流失效应[J].水利学报, 2008, 39 (7):767-772.
[20] 索安宁, 王兮之, 林勇, 等.基于遥感的黄土高原典型区植被退化分析:以泾河流域为例[J].遥感学报, 2009, 13 (2):291-299.

相似文献/References:

[1]李品荣,孟广涛,李国昌.不同土地利用方式下土壤地力变化和水土流失状况研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):95.
　LI Pin-rong,MENG Guang-tao,LI Guo-chang.Study on Land Capacity Change and Soil Erosion on Different Landuse Types[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(02):95.
[2]戴全厚,喻理飞,薛萐,等.植被控制水土流失机理及功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(02):32.
　DAI Quan-hou,YU Li-fei,XUE Sha,et al.Study on the Mechanism and Function of Soil and Water Loss Controlled by Vegetation[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(02):32.
[3]何吉成.秦巴山区铁路增建二线的水土流失影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):64.
　HE Ji-cheng.Impact of the Railway Constructions of the Second Line on Soil Erosion and Water Loss in Qinling-Daba Mountainous Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):64.
[4]肖培青,姚文艺,张海峰.黄土高原植被固土减蚀作用研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):282.
　XIAO Pei-qing,YAO Wen-yi,ZHANG Hai-feng.Research Progress of the Role of Vegetation in Soil Conservtion and Soil Erosion Reduction on the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):282.
[5]何京丽,李锦荣,邢恩德,等.半干旱草原潜在土壤风力侵蚀空间格局研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):12.
　HE Jing-li,LI Jin-rong,XING En-de,et al.Study on Spatial Pattern of Potential Wind Erosion of Soil in Semi-arid Steppe[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):12.
[6]黄承标,谭卫宁,覃文更,等.木论喀斯特森林水土流失规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):34.
　HUANG Cheng-biao,TAN Wei-ning,QIN Wen-geng,et al.Study on Soil and Water Loss in Karst Forest in Mulun[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):34.
[7]贺振伟,郭东罡,白中科,等.两种水土生态恢复模式下刺槐种群数量特征与空间格局研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):48.
　HE Zhen-wei,GUO Dong-gang,BAI Zhong-ke,et al.Numeric Character and Spatial Pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Population at Two Kinds of Recovery Modes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):48.
[8]施开放,刁承泰.重庆市粮食生产发展特征及土地资源承载力空间格局研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):168.
　SHI Kai-fang,DIAO Cheng-tai.Development of Grain Production and Spatial Pattern of Land Carrying Capacity in Chongqing City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):168.
[9]孙莉英,蔡强国,陈生永,等.东北典型黑土区小流域水土流失综合防治体系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):36.
　SUN Li-ying,CAI Qiang-guo,CHEN Sheng-yong,et al.Integrated Governing System on Soil and Water Loss of Small Watersheds in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):36.
[10]贾志伟,江忠善,刘志.降雨特征与水土流失关系的研究[J].水土保持研究,1990,(02):9.
　Jia Zhiwei,Jiang Zhongshan,Liu Zhi.Study on Relationship Between Rainfall Characteristics and the Loss of Soil and Water[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(02):9.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2010-5-7;改回日期:2010-9-21。
基金项目:陕西省科技厅面上项目（2010JM5014）；陕西省教育厅科研项目（09JK429）；渭南市科技局重大科技专项（2010GC1-6）
作者简介:卢爱刚（1968- ），男，陕西富平人，博士，教授，主要从事全球变化区域响应研究。E-mail：lagx1088@163.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01