ZHANG Xing-yi,ZHANG Shao-liang,LIU Shuang,et al.Study on Technique to Fleetly Upgrade of Productivity of Serious Eroded Black Farmland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(04):1-5.
严重侵蚀退化黑土农田地力快速提升技术研究
- Title:
- Study on Technique to Fleetly Upgrade of Productivity of Serious Eroded Black Farmland
- Keywords:
- black farmland; soil erosion; farmland productivity; fleetly upgrade
- 分类号:
- S153.6;S157
- 摘要:
- 在一块平均坡度为4.1°顺坡垄作严重侵蚀破皮黄黑土农田上，通过集成等高改垄、秋深耕、增施牛粪和种植高产大豆品种等技术，构建严重侵蚀退化黑土农田地力快速提升技术。结果表明：治理后，水土流失得以有效遏止，大豆产量由治理前的平均1 335kg/hm2增加到2 518kg/hm2，全坡面平均增产89.7%，变幅19.7%~172.4%，当年实现由低产田一举上升为中高产田。土壤水分胁迫是导致严重侵蚀坡耕地地力低的主要障碍因素，严重侵蚀黑土坡耕地保水措施是地力提升的关键。实施等高种植和深耕措施可有效地降低地表径流，提高土壤耕层含水量和水分利用效率。地力快速提升技术可为黑土区域水土保持和粮食增产提供一定支撑。
- Abstract:
- A technique of fleetly upgrading productivity of serious eroded black farmland was studied in this paper.Contour planting,deep plowing,cattle manure applying and high yield soybean breed sowing were integrated in a slope steepness 4.1° serious eroded black farmland.The results showed that soil erosion was greatly decreased,soybean grain yield increased from 1 335kg/hm2 to 2 518kg/hm2,mean increase rate was 89.7 percent,from 19.7 to 172.4 percent in the whole slope farmland compared with the former farmland which no soil and water conservational managements.The farmland became from low to high yield in one year.The key obstacle factor of low productivity in serious eroded black farmland was soil moisture intimidation.Hence,water conservation was the key measure to upgrade productivity of serious eroded black farmland.Runoff could be greatly reduced by contour planting and deep plowing,which might increase soil moisture and water use efficiency.This technique will be benefit to soil and water conservation and crop yield increase in the black soil area of northeast China.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-2-3;
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重大基地项目（KSCX1-YW-09-09）;国家科技支撑项目（2009BADB3B04）;黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目（JC200718）
作者简介:张兴义（1966- ），男，博士，研究员，主要从事黑土农业生态方面研究工作。E-mail：xyzhang1966@yahoo.com.cn