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[1]Qiu Sihan,Mi Lina,Yang Qiulin,et al.Spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage and its driving factors in Ningxia's ecological zones[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(06):270-279,289.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.06.026]

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Spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage and its driving factors in Ningxia's ecological zones

Research of Soil and Water Conservation[ISSN 1005-3409/CN 61-1272/P] Volume: 32 Number of periods: 2025 06 Page number: 270-279,289 Column: Public date: 2025-10-20

Title:: Spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation coverage and its driving factors in Ningxia's ecological zones

Author(s):: Qiu Sihan¹,Mi Lina^1,2,Yang Qiulin³,Liu Yuzhong⁴; (1.School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;2.Breeding Basefor State Key Lab of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in northwestern China,Yinchuan 750021,China;3.School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;4.Huinong Canal Management Office of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Shizuishan,Ningxia 753001,China)

Keywords:: NDVI; spatiotemporal evolution; geodetector; driving factors; Ningxia; ecological zoning

CLC:: Q948.1

DOI:: 10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.06.026

Abstract:: [Objective] This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of vegetation coverage in Ningxia and its three ecological zones(northern Yellow River irrigation area, central arid zone, and southern mountainous area), identify key driving factors, and provide scientific support for regional ecological management. This helps build Ningxia into a demonstration area for ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation were analyzed using Sen's trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The Hurst index was employed to predict future trends, while a geodetector model incorporating factor detection and interaction analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) variations. [Results](1) Significant spatiotemporal differentiation was observed in NDVI patterns of vegetation across Ningxia and its different ecological zones. Intraannually, NDVI values exhibited a unimodal pattern, peaking in August and reaching its lowest in February. Seasonal NDVI changes followed this ranking： summer > autumn > spring > winter. Interannually, vegetation NDVI across Ningxia and its different zones showed fluctuating increasing trends over the past 20 years. Notably, the central arid zone demonstrated the highest annual NDVI growth rate, indicating the most effective vegetation restoration. Spatially, NDVI displayed a distribution pattern of ‘high in the north and south, low in the center’, reflecting overall improvement.(2) Areas with stable and improved NDVI accounted for 47.1% and 49.2%, respectively, in Ningxia and its ecological zones, significantly exceeding the proportion of degraded areas. This further demonstrated that vegetation in most areas of Ningxia maintained a continuous recovery trend. The proportion of Hurst indices above 0.5 reached 93.2%, indicating that persistent growth was the dominant characteristic of future NDVI changes across Ningxia, with NDVI exhibiting a continuously improving trend.(3) Soil moisture was the dominant influencing factor of NDVI differentiation across Ningxia. Climatic factors, such as precipitation and annual average temperature, were the primary drivers of NDVI variation. The interactions between annual precipitation and soil moisture determined the magnitude of NDVI in the study area, significantly influencing the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage. Although human activities played a secondary role, they were crucial for vegetation restoration in Ningxia. Following the implementation of a series of ecological projects in Ningxia, vegetation coverage steadily increased and the ecological environment improved. [Conclusion] Over the past two decades, vegetation coverage in Ningxia has exhibited an overall increasing trend, with distinct spatial differentiation across different ecological zones, showing a ‘high in the south and north, low in the center’ pattern. The hydrothermal synergy and ecological engineering projects dominate the natural and anthropogenic driving mechanisms, respectively, thereby validating the effectiveness of zoning management.

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Last Update: 2025-12-10