[1]Li Jiaming,Zhang Zhilan,Chen Xiaoyan,et al.Investigation on error and calibration of tipping bucket runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(02):167-177.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.02.002]
Copy
Investigation on error and calibration of tipping bucket runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment
Research of Soil and Water Conservation[ISSN 1005-3409/CN 61-1272/P] Volume:
32
Number of periods:
2025 02
Page number:
167-177
Column:
Public date:
2025-01-20
- Title:
- Investigation on error and calibration of tipping bucket runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment
- Keywords:
- runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment; tipping bucket; error analysis; calibration model
- CLC:
- S157
- DOI:
- 10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.02.002
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to analyze the error law of tipping bucket type semi-automatic monitoring equipment for runoff and sediment in field application, to construct calibration models for runoff and sediment measured by semi-automatic monitoring equipment, and to provide a basis for the application of runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment. [Methods]Natural rainfall runoff and sediment monitoring data were utilized to analyze the error of the measured values of runoff and sediment of the tipping bucket runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment. Based on the artificial simulated runoff scouring experiment, the runoff and sediment calibration function of runoff and sediment was preliminarily constructed. Combined with the natural rainfall test data, the runoff and sediment calibration models for 7 runoff plots were constructed, and the feasibility of the calibration models was verified. [Results](1)There were some errors between the runoff and sediment monitored by the semi-automatic monitoring equipment and the measured values. At rainfall event scale, the relative errors of runoff and sediment in each runoff plot were between 0.03%～139.52% and 0.32%～346.19%, respectively, and the errors decreased with the increase of runoff volume and sediment amount. At annual scale, the errors of runoff and sediment were between 2.23%～45.03% and -10.38%～103.26%, respectively. The automatic measurement data of runoff was generally greater, whereas there was no obvious regularity in sediment amount. Nevertheless, the error of the monitoring results of the semi-automatic monitoring equipment at rainfall event scale was greater than that at annual scale.(2)The monitoring data of the tipping bucket runoff and sediment semi-automatic monitoring equipment could be calibrated by the linear functions. After the calibration of the runoff model and the sediment model, the root mean square error of runoff volume and sediment mount were greatly reduced. The relative errors were between -0.01%～0.68% and 0.00%～3.52%, which could meet the relevant requirements of runoff and sediment monitoring data error less than 5%. [Conclusions]Although the use of semi-automatic monitoring equipment for runoff and sediment is of great significance for promoting the automation process of soil erosion monitoring and improving the efficiency of data acquisition, further calibration is needed after the equipment is installed. The calibration model established by real runoff data of natural rainfall is better.
- References:
-
[1]刘恋,谈晓珊,周亚平,等.江苏省水土保持监测系统建设[J].中国水土保持,2023(3):39-41.
Liu L, Tan X S, Zhou Y P, et al. Building of soil and water conservation monitoring system in Jiangsu Province[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2023(3):39-41.
[2]史明昌,赵永军.新时代水土保持监测技术体系[J].中国水土保持科学,2023,21(5):146-154.
Shi M C, Zhao Y J. Monitoring technology system of soil and water conservation in the New Era[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023,21(5):146-154.
[3]李智广,曹文华,牛勇.坡面径流实时监测装置的测试与率定[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):58-64.
Li Z G, Cao W H, Niu Y. Test and calibration of a real-time hillslope runoff measuring device[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,15(3):58-64.
[4]Tabada M T, Loretero M E. Innovative configuration design of two-wire tip mechanisms for a tipping-bucket rain gauge[J]. International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation, 2020,10(2):156-164.
[5]Choi J H, Chang K H, Kim K E, et al. Improvement of rainfall measurements by using a dual tipping bucket rain gauge[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2023,59(2):271-280.
[6]田晓雨,林锦,廖爱民,等.基于快速率定方法的翻斗式流量计误差分析[J].国外电子测量技术,2022,41(2):16-25.
Tian X Y, Lin J, Liao A M, et al. Error analysis of tipping bucket flowmeter based on fast calibration method[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2022,41(2):16-25.
[7]Sypka P. Dynamic real-time volumetric correction for tipping-bucket rain gauges[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019,271:158-167.
[8]Liao M, Liu J, Liao A, et al. Investigation of tipping-bucket rain gauges using digital photographic technology[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2020,37(2):327-339.
[9]Shedekar V S, King K W, Fausey N R, et al. Assessment of measurement errors and dynamic calibration methods for three different tipping bucket rain gauges[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,178/179:445-458.
[10]Shimizu T, Kobayashi M, Iida S, et al. A generalized correction equation for large tipping-bucket flow meters for use in hydrological applications[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018,563:1051-1056.
[11]刘瑛娜,刘刚,刘宝元,等.翻斗流量计测量径流小区流量的精度与校正[J].中国水土保持,2015(10):44-46.
Liu Y N, Liu G, Liu B Y, et al. Accuracy and calibration of tipping bucket flow meter in flow rate measurement of runoff plots[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2015(10):44-46.
[12]Cao J S, Zhang W J, Qi Y Q. An automatic slope runoff sediment and flow monitoring system[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2014,30(1):5-9.
[13]李续峰,张兴义,刘洪家.径流泥沙混合装置研发[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):23-26,32.
Li X F, Zhang X Y, Liu H J. Design of integrated equipment on runoff and sediment[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012,19(1):23-26,32.
[14]Colli M, Lanza L G, La Barbera P. Performance of a weighing rain gauge under laboratory simulated time-varying reference rainfall rates[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2013,131:3-12.
[15]Schwamback D, Anache J A A, Wendland E C. Calibration and error investigation of large tipping bucket flow meters[J]. Catena, 2022,209:105834.
[16]Nam K Y, Chang K H, Kim K E, et al. Method for analysis on optimization of averaging interval of rainfall rate measured by tipping-bucket rain gauges[J]. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008,24(1):17-24.
[17]Nehls T, Nam Rim Y, Wessolek G. Technical note on measuring run-off dynamics from pavements using a new device:the weighable tipping bucket[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011,15(5):1379-1386.
[18]Wijayawardhana L M J R, Weerasinghe K D N, Navaratne C M. Tipping bucket device for measuring runoff in small catchments[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2021,66(15):2258-2266.
[19]Duchon C E, Biddle C J. Undercatch of tipping-bucket gauges in high rain rate events[J]. Advances in Geosciences, 2010,25:11-15.
[20]Sun T, Cruse R M, Chen Q, et al. Design and initial evaluation of a portable in situ runoff and sediment monitoring device[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,519:1141-1148.
[21]Iida S, Shimizu T, Kabeya N, et al. Calibration of tipping-bucket flow meters and rain gauges to measure gross rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow applied to data from a Japanese temperate coniferous forest and a Cambodian tropical deciduous forest[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2012,26(16):2445-2454.
[22]La B P, Lanza L G, Stagi L. Tipping bucket mechanical errors and their influence on rainfall statistics and extremes[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2002,45(2):1-10.
[23]Wang J X, Fisher B L, Wolff D B. Estimating rain rates from tipping-bucket rain gauge measurements[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2008,25(1):43-56.
[24]Humphrey M D, Istok J D, Lee J Y, et al. A new method for automated dynamic calibration of tipping-bucket rain gauges[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1997,14(6):1513-1519.
- Similar References:
Memo
-
Last Update:
2025-01-20