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[1]SUN Li-ying,CAI Qiang-guo,CHEN Sheng-yong,et al.Integrated Governing System on Soil and Water Loss of Small Watersheds in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(03):36-41,57.

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Integrated Governing System on Soil and Water Loss of Small Watersheds in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Research of Soil and Water Conservation[ISSN 1005-3409/CN 61-1272/P] Volume: 19 Number of periods: 2012 03 Page number: 36-41,57 Column: Public date: 2012-06-20

Title:: Integrated Governing System on Soil and Water Loss of Small Watersheds in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Author(s):: SUN Li-ying¹, CAI Qiang-guo¹, CHEN Sheng-yong², HE Ji-jun³; 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Heilongjiang Soil and Water Conservation Institute, Harbin 150400, China;
3. College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100080, China

Keywords:: typical black soil region; small watershed; soil and water loss; integrated governing system

CLC:: S157.1

DOI:: -

Abstract:: The black soil region of northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources had led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in northeast China, was selected as the study area. Based on the nearly 50 years’ experience in soil and water loss control, the structures and benefits of integrated soil and water control system were investigated. The ‘three defense lines’ tridimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to the gully can effectively control slope erosion and gully erosion. The ‘first line’ was allocated on the top hill, which can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. ‘The second line’ on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion kinetic energy. ‘The third line’ in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The ‘three defense lines’ system is feasible for the soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the ’three defense lines’ in Tongshuang small watershed, there are effective improvements in ecological environment. The erosion modulus in Tongshuang small watershed decreased from 6 600 t/ (km²·a) to 300 t/ (km²·a). The grain yield increased from 1 200 kg/hm² in 1979 to 3 465 kg/hm² in 1995 due to the improvement of soil property, and the annual per capita income increased from 1 100 Yuan in 1985 to 2 077 Yuan in 2005. Moreover, the soil and water loss governing system of small watersheds in the typical black soil region was compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical rolling hilly areas of black soil region in northeast China.

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