人类活动干扰对青藏高原植被覆盖变化的影响

(1.长安大学 地球科学与资源环境学院, 西安 710061; 2.中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101)

NDVI; 人类活动; 相对重要性; 青藏高原

Influence of Human Disturbance on the Change of Vegetation Cover in the Tibetan Plateau
CHAI Lifu1, TIAN Li2, AO Yong1, WANG Xiaoqing1

(1.School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'An University, Xi'an 710061, China; 2.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

NDVI; human activity; relative importance; the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

备注

为了探究人类活动对生态系统的影响以及贡献率,基于青藏高原地区2000—2018年归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气象数据和社会经济数据,采用变化趋势分析、残差分析、相对重要性等方法,分析了近19 a间青藏高原生长季植被覆盖变化规律,并量化了不同类型人类干扰对其变化的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年青藏高原地区NDVI总体呈增加趋势。(2)人类活动对植被覆盖起到促进作用的地区占总面积的61.16%,人类活动对植被覆盖起到破坏作用的地区占总面积的38.84%,总体上青藏高原地区人类活动对植被起到促进作用。(3)海西州、海北州以及那曲市植被变化由GDP1主导; 玉树州的植被变化主要是GDP2引起; 黄南州、昌都市、那曲市植被变化由GDP3主导; 海北州、昌都市植被变化主要由放牧强度引起; 海南州植被变化主要由人口城镇化主导; 西宁、拉萨以及果洛地区5种指标的植被变化贡献率相近。该结果表明不同区域的社会经济发展方式对植被生态系统的依赖强度不同,在目前和未来维护区域生态系统和社会系统可持续发展的目标下,针对不同区域应采取针对性的发展措施,以实现区域生态环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的最大化发展。
In order to explore the influence of human activities on the ecosystem and contribution, based on the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), meteorological data and social economic data of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region in 2000—2018, the change trend analysis and residual analysis, methods of relative importance were used to analyze the vegetation change pattern in growing season of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau within nearly 19 years, and the effects of different types of human interference on the change of the gene were quantified. The results showed that:(1)from 2000 to 2018, NDVI increased in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau;(2)the area where human activities promoted vegetation cover accounted for 61.16% of the total area, and the area where human activities destroyed vegetation cover accounted for 38.84% of the total area;(3)the vegetation change in Haixi Prefecture, Haibei Prefecture and Nagqu City was dominated by GDP1; the vegetation change in Yushu Prefecture was mainly caused by GDP2; the vegetation change in Huangnanzhou, Qamdo and Nagqu was dominated by GDP3; the vegetation change in Haibei Prefecture and Qamdo City was mainly caused by grazing intensity; the vegetation change in Haina Prefecture was mainly dominated by population urbanization; in Xining, Lhasa and Guoluo area, the contribution rate of vegetation change of the five indexes is similar. The social and economic development in different areas of the vegetation ecosystem depend on the strength of different, in the present and the future maintenance of regional ecological system and social system under the goal of sustainable development, according to the development of different regions should adopt corresponding measures, in order to realize the regional ecological environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit maximization.