1980-2018年祁连山南坡土地利用地形梯度变化及其地形因子地理探测
付建新1, 曹广超2, 郭文炯1

(1.太原师范学院 城镇与区域发展研究所, 山西 晋中 030619; 2.青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 西宁 810008; 3.青海师范大学 青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 西宁 810008)

土地利用; 地形梯度; 地理探测器; 祁连山南坡

Terrain Gradient Change of Land Use and Its Geographical Detector of Terrain Factors on the South-Facing Slope of Qilianshan Mountains from 1980 to 2018
FU Jianxin1, CAO Guangchao2, GUO Wenjiong1

(1.Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Ministry of Education, Xining 810008, China; 3.Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

land use; terrain gradient; geographical detector; south-facing slope of Qilianshan Mountains

备注

为了研究不同地形梯度上土地利用时空变化规律,基于1980—2018年5期遥感影像数据,利用ArcGIS 10.2分析祁连山南坡不同海拔、坡度和坡向土地利用时空格局变化规律。结果表明:祁连山南坡土地利用主体类型为草地。耕地和建设用地主要分布在2 700～3 200 m、<5°、阳坡和半阳坡的门源盆地; 林地、草地和海拔、坡度、坡向关系密切; 建设用地受海拔和坡度影响大; 未利用土地受海拔影响明显。在海拔2 700～3 200 m、坡度<5°、西南坡、南坡区域耕地、建设用地增加最多,未利用土地在海拔4 200～4 700 m、坡度30°～35°、西南坡、南坡和东北坡区域增加最多; 林地、草地、水域分别在3 700～4 200 m,2 700～3 200 m,4 200～4 700 m区域减少最多,坡度<5°的区域草地减少最多,林地、草地、水域分别在北坡、西南坡和东北坡减少最多。地形因子对土地利用程度的影响由大到小依次为海拔、坡度和坡向,海拔和坡度、海拔和坡向对土地利用程度影响大。不同地形梯度下土地利用变化表现出明显的时空差异规律。
In order to study the pattern of temporal and spatial changes of land use of different terrain gradients, based on remote sensing(RS)data during 1980—2018, the spatial and temporal characteristic changes of land use at different altitudes, slopes and slope aspects on the south-facing slope of Qilianshan Mountains were studied by ArcGIS 12.0. The results showed that grassland was the most important land use type on the south-facing slope of Qilianshan Mountains, farmland and construction land both mainly distributed in the Menyuan Basin with the altitude of 2 700～3 200 m, slope<5°, sunny slope and half sunny slope. Woodland and grassland were both closely related to altitude, slope and slope aspects. Construction land was greatly affected by altitude and slope; unused land was greatly affected by altitude. Farmland and construction land had a greatest increase in areas of altitude 2 700～3 200 m, slope<5°, southwest slope, south slope, unused land had a greatest increase in areas of altitude 4 200～4 700 m, slope 30°～35°, southwest slope, south slope and northeast slope, woodland, grassland and water areas had decreased most at areas with altitudes of 3 700～4 200 m, 2 700～3 200 m, 4 200～4 700 m, respectively, grassland had decreased most at areas with slope<5°, woodland, grassland, water areas had decreased most on north slope, southwest slope and northeast slope. Influence degree of terrain factors on land use decreased in the order: altitude>slope>slope aspect, interaction of altitude and slope, altitude and slope aspect had the great influence on land use degree. Land use changes based on different terrain gradients show obvious temporal and spatial differences.