齐齐哈尔市主城区生态网络构建与优化

(东北林业大学 园林学院, 哈尔滨 150040)

景观生态学; 生态网络; 形态学空间格局分析(MSPA); 最小累积阻力模型(MCR); 齐齐哈尔市

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in the Main Urban Area of Qiqihar City
XIE Jing, LI Wen, JIA Jia, ZHAO Hengsong

(College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

landscape ecology; ecological network; morphological spatial pattern analysis; minimum cumulative resistance model; Qiqihar City

备注

齐齐哈尔市主城区为哈大齐工业走廊的重要节点,近些年因工业化建设导致生态斑块破碎化,生态效益下降等问题,构建生态网络是目前修复区域生态环境、整合土地资源的重要技术手段。基于ArcGIS等技术分析研究区域土地利用变化,得出潜在生态问题,为后续生态网络构建提供基础。基于景观生态学原理与形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)对研究区域的核心区、桥接区及岛状斑块等进行识别与评价,根据dPC指数提取出重要生态源地,基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR)得出潜在生态廊道,通过计算对连通性较弱的区域进行规划补充,并归纳分析网络体系缓冲区及生态断裂点。结果表明:齐齐哈尔市共计16处核心区为原生态源地,重要生态廊道14条,一般生态廊道106条,主要分布于研究区域东南部。优化后的生态网络增加了7处生态源地、133条规划生态廊道,廊道网络结构相关指数有较大提升。根据网络体系缓冲区分析提出生态保护建议,根据352处生态断裂点提出修复连通措施。通过识别生态源地、构建与优化生态廊道形成完善的区域生态网络体系,旨在为齐齐哈尔市生态网络建设提供选址参考与方法借鉴。
The main urban area of Qiqihar City is an important node of the Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar Industrial Corridor. In recent years, industrialization has led to the fragmentation of ecological patches and the decline of ecological benefits. Building an ecological network is currently an important technical means to restore the regional ecological environment and integrate land resources. Based on ArcGIS and other technologies, the regional land use changes were analyzed and studied, and potential ecological problems were obtained, which could provide the basis for subsequent ecological network construction. Based on the principles of landscape ecology and morphological spatial pattern analysis, this research identified and evaluated the core areas, bridged areas and island patches of the study area, and extracted important ecological sources according to the dPC index. This research laid out potential ecological corridors based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. Through calculations, areas with weak connectivity were planned and supplemented, and the buffer zone and ecological breakpoints of the network system were summarized and analyzed. A total of 16 core areas in Qiqihar City are the original ecological sources. The study area has 14 important ecological corridors and 106 general ecological corridors which mainly distribute in the southeast of the study area. The optimized ecological network adds 7 ecological sources and 133 planned ecological corridors. The related indexes of corridor network structure have been greatly improved. This research proposes ecological protection suggestions based on the analysis of the buffer zone of the network system, and proposes measures to restore connectivity based on 352 ecological breakpoints. This research forms a complete regional ecological network system by identifying ecological sources, constructing and optimizing ecological corridors, which aims to provide reference and method reference for site selection for the construction of ecological network in Qiqihar City.