图们江地区“三生”用地变化及其生态质量影响
余 洲, 李明玉, 陈 高, 刘心雨

(延边大学 地理与海洋科学学院, 吉林 延吉 133002)

三生空间; 土地利用转型; 生态质量; 延边朝鲜族自治州

Change of Land Use for Ecological-Production-Living and Its Ecological Quality Influence in Tumen River Area
YU Zhou, LI Mingyu, CHEN Gao, LIU Xinyu

(College of Geography and Marine Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China)

ecological-production-living spaces; land use transformation; ecological quality; Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

备注

为了探究图们江核心地区——延边朝鲜族自治州“三生空间”功能用地变化特征及其生态质量影响,基于2000年、2010年、2020年3期土地利用遥感解译数据,从“生产—生态—生活”土地利用功能分类角度出发,引入重心模型及土地利用转型生态贡献率等方法进行分析。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,延边朝鲜族自治州生态用地面积减少1 143.34 km2; 生产用地面积增加915.25 km2; 生活用地面积增加228.85 km2。(2)延边州生态质量指数从2000年的0.789下降至2020年的0.772,整体生态质量有所恶化,其中低质量区和较低质量区面积持续增加,中质量区和高质量区面积持续减少。(3)2000—2010年生态质量呈改善趋势,其主要原因是“退耕还林”政策中农业用地转变为林地,占生态改善贡献率的66.01%; 2010—2020年呈恶化趋势,其主要原因是为满足粮食需求,大量的林地转化为农业用地,占生态恶化贡献率的79.08%。总的来说,近20年间延边州生态用地减少,生产和生活用地增加,其生态质量恶化大于改善趋势。
In order to explore the characteristics of the functional land change and its ecological quality impact of the ecological-production-living spaces in the core area of the Tumen River-Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, based on the 3rd phase of land use remote sensing interpretation data of 2000, 2010 and 2020, from the perspective of ecological-production-living land use function classification, the center of gravity model and the ecological contribution rate of land use transformation were introduced for analysis. The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2020, the area of ecological land in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture decreased by 1 143.34 km2; the area of land used for production increased by 915.25 km2; the area of residential land increased by 228.85 km2;(2)the ecological quality index of Yanbian Prefecture dropped from 0.789 in 2000 to 0.772 in 2020, and the overall ecological quality deteriorated, including low-quality and lower-quality areas; the areas of medium-quality and high-quality regions continued to increase;(3)the ecological quality showed a trend of improvement from 2000 to 2010 because of the conversion of agricultural land to forest land in the policy of ‘returning farmland to forest', which accounted for 66.01% of the contribution rate of ecological improvement; the ecological quality in the period from 2010 to 2020 showed a deteriorating trend because a large amount of forest land has been converted into agricultural land in order to meet the demand for food, accounting for 79.08% of the contribution rate of ecological deterioration. In general, in the past 20 years, the ecological land in Yanbian Prefecture had decreased, and the land used for production and living has increased, and its ecological quality had deteriorated more than the improvement trend.