基于遥感解释的重庆市重要生态空间质量评价

(1.重庆工商大学 公共管理学院, 重庆 400067; 2.生态环境空间信息数据挖掘与大数据集成重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 401320; 3.重庆市生态环境局, 重庆 401147; 4.重庆工商大学 环境与资源学院, 重庆 400067; 5.重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院, 重庆 401121)

遥感解释; 重要生态空间; 生境质量评价; 重庆市

Evaluation on Quality of Important Ecological Space in Chongqing City Based on Remote Sensing Interpretation
ZHOU Qigang1,2, LI Jian3, MENG Haobin2,4, ZHANG Xiaoyuan2, PANG Min5

(1.School of Public Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; 2.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Big Data Integration for Ecology and Environment, Chongqing 401320, China; 3.Chongqing Ecological Environment Bureau, Chongqing 401147, China; 4.College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China; 5.Chongqing Institute of Surveying and Monitoring for Planning and Natural Resources, Chongqing 401121, China)

remote sensing interpretation; important ecological space; habitat quality evaluation; Chongqing City

备注

为了解重庆市重要生态空间质量状况及变化规律,从自然生态、人为影响和景观格局方面分别选取归一化植被指数(NDVI)模型、归一化建筑指数(NDBI)模型、图斑破碎度模型计算和分析了2002年、2006年、2010年、2014年和2018年相应指标状况,并在此基础上对区域生境质量进行了综合计算和打分评价。结果表明:(1)重庆市重要生态空间NDVI呈波动上升趋势,具有明显的地域性。主城区和渝西各区县NDVI波动变化幅度较大,渝东北地区NDVI变化以城口县、巫溪县为中心向四周扩散,渝东南各区县NDVI在小幅波动中稳定提高。(2)研究区NDBI呈“降—升—降”的趋势,2018年数值较2002年降低了52.67%,说明区域受人类的影响越来越低,但巫山县、云阳县和奉节县等区县建筑指数仍维持较高水平。(3)研究区图斑个数最多和最少的区县分别是渝北区和渝中区,图斑总面积最大和最少的分别是巫溪县和渝中区。全市各区县的图斑破碎度主要分布在0~4,其中梁平区图斑破碎度最大,为9.44,渝中区破碎度最小,仅0.02。(4)研究区生境质量呈波动上升趋势,城口县、巫山县等6个区县的生境质量始终位于生境质量Ⅰ级,而渝北区、大足区、梁平区、合川区4个区县的生境质量始终位于Ⅳ级,剩余区县则在各质量等级中反复上升或下降。
In order to understand the quality status and change law of important ecological space in Chongqing City, the normalized vegetation index(NDVI), normalized building index(NDBI)and patch fragmentation model were selected from the aspects of natural ecology, human impact and landscape pattern. The corresponding indicators in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 were calculated and analyzed, and the regional habitat quality was summarized on this basis combined calculation and scoring evaluation. The results.(1)The NDVI of Chongqing's important ecological space showed a rising trend with obvious regional characteristics: the NDVI of the main urban area and western Chongqing fluctuated greatly; the NDVI changes in northeast Chongqing spreaded around Chengkou County and Wuxi County; the NDVI of southeast Chongqing increased steadily in a small fluctuation.(2)The NDBI of the study area showed a ‘down rise down' trend, with a decrease of 52.67% in 2018 compared with that in 2002, indicating that the impact of human beings on the region was getting lower and lower, but the building indices of Wushan County, Yunyang County and Fengjie County were still at a high level.(3)Yubei District and Yuzhong District had the largest and the least number of patches in the study area, and Wuxi County and Yuzhong District had the largest and the least total area. The results showed that the fragmentation of map patches was mainly in the range of 0~4, with the largest in Liangping District, 9.44 in Yuzhong District, and only 0.02 in Yuzhong District.(4)The results showed that the habitat quality of the study area presented a fluctuating upward trend. The habitat quality of Chengkou County and Wushan County was always in the first grade of habitat quality, while that of Yubei District, Dazu District, Liangping District and Hechuan District was always in grade Ⅳ, the remaining districts and counties increased or decreased repeatedly in each quality grade.