喀斯特山区农村居民点空间分布特征及其影响因素

(1.贵州师范大学 地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳 550025; 2.贵州师范大学 喀斯特研究院, 贵阳 550001; 3.国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心, 贵阳 550001)

喀斯特山区; 农村居民点; 热点分析; 空间分布特征; 贵州省

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Karst Mountainous Areas
LIAO Yanmei1, LAN Anjun1,3, YIN Linjiang2,3, LI Rui1, RAN Chen1, ZHONG Jiusheng1,3

(1.School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2.Institute of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; 3.State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China)

karst mountainous area; rural settlements; hotspots analysis; spatial distribution characteristics; Guizhou Province

备注

为揭示喀斯特山区农村居民点的空间分布特征及影响因素,以贵州省为例,基于高精度遥感数据,利用景观指数、平均最近邻、核密度等方法,探究喀斯特山区农村居民点整体和斑块的规模、形态和密度空间分布特征,并分析了地形、区位以及社会经济因素对农村居民点空间分布的影响。结果表明:(1)从整体看,贵州省农村居民点属于集聚型分布模式,其规模、形状、密度由北到南分别呈现出低高中、高低中、高中低分布模式;(2)从斑块尺度看,贵州省农村居民点的规模整体大,大规模居民点有1 204.06 km2,占全省居民点总面积的35.63%; 斑块形态整体规则,规则形状居民点的面积有1 555.83 km2,占全省居民点面积的46.04%; 密度分布整体密集,总体密度约为13.8个/km2。(3)农村居民点的规模、形态和密度受地形、区位和社会经济因素的综合影响。地形因素中,高程对密度的影响最大,坡度对形态和密度的影响最大,而规模则主要受地形起伏的影响; 区位因素中,交通对密度的影响最大,城镇和水域对三者的影响均较大; 社会经济因素中,人口、民族、经济主要对规模和形态产生影响,而政策因素则对三者均产生影响。
Fully understanding the spatial distribution and concrete influencing factors of the rural settlements in Karst mountainous areas is of great significance to the layout optimization of rural settlements and the construction of the new countryside. Taking Guizhou Province as an example, we explored the spatial distribution characteristics such as the overall distribution and patch scale, shape and density of karst mountainous area's rural settlements on the basis of the remote sensing data with high accuracy, through analyzing landscape index, exploring average nearest neighbor, kernel density and other methods. We also analyzed the influences of its geographic terrain, location and socio-economy on the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The results show that:(1)on the whole, Guizhou Province's rural settlements present the agglomerative distribution patterns; the scale, shape and density of the rural settlement showed the distribution patterns from north to south of low-high-middle, high-low-middle, high-middle-low, respectively;(2)from the patch size's perspective, Guizhou Province boasted an extensive acreage of rural settlement, including 1 204.06 km2 of large-scale settlement, which accounted for 35.63% of the total area; the shapes of plaques were regular as a whole, the acreages of regular shapes were 1 555.83 km2 which accounted for 46.04%; the overall distribution density was high(about 13.8 counts/km2).(3)the geographic terrain, location and socio-economy had a comprehensive influence on the scale, shape and density of rural settlement; firstly, among geographic terrain factors, the altitude had the greatest impact on its density, the same as the gradient on the shape and density, yet the scale was mainly influenced by topographic relief; secondly, among locational factors, the traffic had the most impact on its density, and towns and water areas had greater impact on all of the three; lastly, among socio-economic factors, population, nation and economy mainly had influence on its scale and shape, yet the policy would affect all of the three.