陕北黄土高原生态系统服务供需格局及其演变
陈泓文, 巩 杰

(兰州大学 资源环境学院, 兰州 730000)

生态系统服务供给; 生态系统服务需求; 供需格局; 陕北黄土高原

Supply and Demand Pattern of Ecosystem Services and Its Change in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province
CHEN Hongwen, GONG Jie

(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

ecosystem service supply; ecosystem service demand; supply and demand pattern of ecosystem service; Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province

备注

为探究陕北黄土高原生态系统服务供需格局及其时空变化,利用2000—2015年陕北黄土高原土地利用和相关地理数据等,在定量评估生态系统服务供给和需求的基础上,构建生态系统服务供需综合参数,分析了研究区生态系统服务供需格局及其变化。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年研究区各类供给服务数量均有所增加,但生态系统服务的供给格局总体变化不大; 其中供给服务增幅最大(22.05%),调节服务增幅最小(2.41%); 供给呈现为北部高值、中部中值、中东部较低值和中部偏北低值格局。(2)生态系统服务需求逐年增加,但整体生态系统服务需求格局大体保持不变。增幅最大的影响因素是GDP总量(20.93倍),最小的是人口总量(1.17倍); 研究期间,生态系统服务需求大体保持南部和中东部以低需求和较低需求类型为主、中西部以中需求和较高需求为主、北部以高需求为主的格局。(3)综合研究区生态系统服务供需整体状况,形成4种生态系统服务供需类型和4种演变方式。综上,2000—2015年陕北黄土高原区生态系统服务供需均有所增加,但供需格局大体保持一致。
In order to reveal the distribution pattern and its spatiotemporal change of ecosystem services supply and demand in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province, the ecosystem service supply and demand of the study area was quantitatively assessed and mapped via the land use and related geographical data from 2000 to 2015, the ecosystem services supply and demand integrated index was constructed, and the change pattern of the ecosystem service supply and demand was analyzed. The results show that:(1)the quantities of various supply services in the study area have increased, while the whole ecosystem service supply pattern was not changed obviously; from 2000 to 2015, the increase of supply services was obvious(22.05%), and the increase of regulation services was small(2.41%); during the study period, the ecosystem service supply maintained a pattern of high value in the north, median value in the middle, lower value in the middle and eastern part, and the lowest value in the mid-north;(2)the demand for ecosystem services has increased year by year, but the total supply pattern of ecosystem services was no obvious change; the largest increase was the total GDP(20.93), and the smallest was the total population(1.17); during the study period, the demand for ecosystem services generally maintained a pattern of lowest and lower demand in the south and mid-east, medium and higher demand in the central and western regions, and highest demand in the north;(3)comprehensively considering the overall characteristics of the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the study area, four types of ecosystem service supply and demand and four change modes were formed. In conclusion, the supply and demand of ecosystem services increased finally with little change of the spatial pattern in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2015.