西北干旱区1960-2019年实际蒸散发时空变化特征
刘 洋1,2, 于恩涛3,4, 杨建军1,2, 黄文君1,2

(1.新疆大学 资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 2.新疆大学 教育部绿洲生态重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046; 3.中国科学院 大气物理研究所 竺可桢—南森国际研究中心, 北京 100029; 4.南京信息工程大学 气象灾害预报与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044)

实际蒸散发; Granger-Gray模型(GG模型); 西北干旱区; 时空变化

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Actual Evapotranspiration in the Arid Region of Northwest China from 1960 to 2019
LIU Yang1,2, YU Entao3,4, YANG Jianjun1,2, HUANG Wenjun1,2

(1.College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 3.Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 4.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

actual evapotranspiration; Granger-Gray model(GG model); arid region of northwest China; spatial and temporal variation

备注

为了分析气候变化背景下西北干旱区实际蒸散发的时空变化特征及影响因素,利用西北干旱区50个气象站点,1960—2019年的气象观测资料,采用Granger-Gray模型(GG模型)估算研究区的实际蒸散发,分析其空间分布特征和时间变化趋势,并探讨了气象因子对实际蒸散发的影响。结果表明:(1)1960—2019年西北干旱区年平均实际蒸散发约为586.9 mm,夏季大而冬季小; 研究区西南部和东部的ETa较高,西北部和中部较低。(2)60 a来西北干旱区实际蒸散发呈微弱的上升趋势,其变化速率为0.24 mm/10 a; ETa在春季和冬季呈增加趋势,在夏季和秋季则呈下降趋势。(3)ETa与气温、相对湿度、日照时数呈正相关关系,与风速呈负相关关系,气温、相对湿度、日照时数和风速均对实际蒸散发有影响。总体来说,西北干旱区实际蒸散发在1960-2019年间呈增加趋势,其变化主要受气温、相对湿度和风速的影响。
In order to analyze the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation and influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration in the arid region of northwest China under the background of climate change. The Granger-Gray model(GG model)was used to estimate the actual evapotranspiration in the study area based on the meteorological observation data from 50 meteorological stations in the arid region of northwest China during 1960—2019. The spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation trend of the actual evapotranspiration were analyzed, and the influence of meteorological factors on the actual evapotranspiration was also discussed. The results showed that:(1)from 1960 to 2019, the average annual actual evapotranspiration(ETa)in the arid region of northwest China was about 586.9 mm, which was greater in summer and smaller in winter; ETa was higher in the southwest and east of the study area, but lower in the northwest and central part;(2)In the past 60 years, ETa in the arid region of northwest China showed a slight increasing trend, with a change rate of 0.24 mm/decade; ETa increased in spring and winter but decreased in summer and autumn;(3)ETa was positively correlated with air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours, and negatively correlated with wind speed, ETa in the arid region of northwest China was mainly affected by temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration and wind speed. In general, ETa in the arid region of northwest China showed an increasing trend during 1960—2019, and its changes were mainly affected by temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.