1990-2018年黄河三角洲人类活动强度时空格局演变及其驱动因素
朱纹君,韩 美,孔祥伦,李云龙,孔凡彪,魏 帆,荣佳辉

(山东师范大学 地理与环境学院,济南 250014)

时空演变; 人类活动强度; 建设用地当量系数法; 黄河三角洲

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Human Activity Intensity and Its Driving Factors in the Yellow River Delta from 1990 to 2018
ZHU Wenjun,HAN Mei,KONG Xianglun,LI Yunlong,KONG Fanbiao,WEI Fan,RONG Jiahui

(College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

spatiotemporal evolution; human activity intensity; construction land equivalent coefficient method; Yellow River Delta

备注

黄河三角洲是典型的生态环境脆弱区,定量评价人类活动对黄河三角洲生态环境具有重要意义。基于1990—2018年遥感影像数据,提取土地利用信息,运用建设用地当量系数法、空间自相关分析法等方法分析了近30年黄河三角洲人类活动强度的时空演变特征,探讨了不同尺度下人类活动强度空间分异的主要驱动因素。结果表明:(1)近30年人类活动对黄河三角洲土地利用影响强烈,其中1990—1997年影响最强烈,综合土地利用动态度达2.17%,该时段人类活动对林地、水域和建设用地改造程度最强烈,其单一土地利用动态度分别为16.70%,6.03%和5.10%;(2)1990—2018年黄河三角洲人类活动强度分布格局大致呈5,6级强度带向东部和北部沿海方向推进、1～3级强度带自内陆向沿海方向消退的特征。近30年人类活动强度增长显著,由18.14%增长至35.24%。其中,东营区的城镇建设区、河口区的盐田区以及垦利区的胜利油田人类活动强度等级较高;(3)相关系数结果表明:人口密度、盐田开采量和原油开采量均在95%显著水平上与黄河三角洲人类活动强度显著相关。不同县域主要驱动因子存在显著差异性,城镇化率、盐田开采量、原油开采量和GDP变化率分别是东营区、河口区、垦利区和利津县主要驱动因子。
The Yellow River Delta is a typical area of the fragile ecological environment. Evaluating human activity intensity quantitatively has a great significance to the ecosystem of the Yellow River Delta. Based on the remote sensing imagines of the Yellow River Delta from 1990—2018,land use information and using construction land equivalent were extracted,spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to investigate temporal and spatial distribution of human activity intensity in the Yellow River Delta in the past 30 years,and the main driving factors of human activity intensity at different scales were explored. The results show that:(1)in the past 30 years,the impact of human activities on the land use of the Yellow River Delta was significant,the impact was the strongest from 1990 to 1997,the comprehensive dynamic degree of land use researched 2.17%; during this period,human activities had strong impact on forest land,water area,and construction land; their single land use dynamics were 16.70%,6.03% and 5.10%,respectively;(2)from 1990 to 2018,the distribution pattern of human activity intensity in the Yellow River Delta showed that fifth and sixth level intensity belts advanced towards east and north coast area,low intensity belts retreated from inland to the coast area; during the study period,the intensity of human activity significantly increased from 18.14% to 35.24%; Among them,the intensities of human activities in the urban construction area of Dongying district,salt field of Hekou district and Shengli Oil Field of Kenli district werer higher;(3)the results of the correlation coefficient showed that population density,salt field extraction volume and crude oil extraction volume of the Yellow River Delta were related the human activity intensities at 95% significant level. The main driving factors of different scales were significantly different. The urbanization rate,salt field extraction volume,crude oil extraction volume and GDP change rate are the main driving factors in Dongying District,Hekou District,Kenli District and Lijin County.