喀斯特山区文山市水土资源利用变化特征及耦合研究
谭 琨1, 赵祖军2, 赵筱青1, 普军伟1, 李代玺3, 李思楠1, 苗培培1, 王 茜1

(1.云南大学 地球科学学院, 昆明 650500; 2.云南省生态环境监测中心, 昆明 650034; 3.云南省文山州气象局, 云南 文山 663000)

水土资源利用; 耦合协调度; 喀斯特山区; 文山市

Utilization Variation Characteristics and Coupling of Water and Land Resources in Wenshan City of Karst Mountain Area
TAN Kun1, ZHAO Zujun2, ZHAO Xiaoqing1, PU Junwei1, LI Daixi3, LI Sinan1, MIAO Peipei1, WANG Qian1

(1.School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; 2.Yunnan Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming 650034, China; 3.Wenshan Prefecture Meteorological Bureau of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, Yunnan 663000, China)

water and land resources utilization; coupling coordination degree; karst mountain areas; Wen-shan City

备注

为了促进喀斯特山区文山市水土资源合理利用、资源环境保护和社会经济可持续发展,从水土资源系统深入分析其时空变化特征,构建喀斯特山区水土资源耦合协调评价指标体系,基于GIS技术并运用耦合协调度模型进行了水土资源耦合协调空间栅格尺度的研究。结果表明:(1)2000—2017年喀斯特山区文山市降水量较多区域由南部→东南部→西南部转移,农业用水量由南部较多向东南部转移,万元GDP用水量较多区域由中部、东南部和北部→西部→东部缩小转移,市域北部的马塘镇、东部和南部水资源开发利用率明显提升;(2)2000—2017年市域东南部耕地面积比例上升最明显,东部市区农用地面积和建设用地面积比例分别明显降低和升高,石漠化面积比例较高区域由东南部、西南部向西北部转移;(3)2000—2017年市域水土资源耦合协调整体水平都较高,但2010年耦合协调水平最好,其耦合协调度平均值比2000年、2017年都高0.0167; 2010年高度协调面积比例比2000年、2017年分别高16.16%,14.21%,中度协调和低度协调比例分别比2000年、2017年低12.38%,3.79%和9.98%,4.23%。水土资源耦合协调度与石漠化空间分布一致的规律,说明石漠化对水土资源耦合协调产生很大影响,石漠化治理是喀斯特山区水土资源耦合协调水平提高的关键。
In order to promote the rational use of water and land resources, resource and environmental protection and sustainable socio-economic development of Wenshan City in the karst mountainous area, we deeply analyzed the characteristics of its spatial-temporal variation from the water and land resources system, and constructed the evaluation index system of water and land resources coupling coordination in karst mountainous areas. Study on the spatial grid scale of water and land resources coupling coordination was based on GIS technology and the coupling coordination degree model. The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2017, the area with more precipitation in Wenshan City, karst mountain area shifted from the south, to southeast and southwest; the agricultural water consumption was more from the south to the southeast; the regions with more water consumption per ten thousand-Yuan of GDP were transferred from central, southeastern and to northern, western and eastern; the development and utilization rate of water resources improved significantly in Matang Town in the north, east and south;(2)from 2000 to 2017, the proportion of cultivated land area increased most significantly in the southeastern part of the city; the proportions of agricultural land area and construction land area in the eastern urban areas decreased and increased, respectively; the area with a high proportion of rocky desertification area shifted from southeast and southwest to northwest;(3)the overall level of water and land resources coupling and coordination was relatively high from 2000 to 2017, but the level of coupling and coordination was the best in 2010, and the average value of coupling and coordination degree was 0.016 7 higher than those in 2000 and 2017; the proportion of highly coordinated areas in 2010 was 16.16% and 14.21% higher than those in 2000 and 2017, respectively; the proportions of moderately coordinated and low coordination were 12.38%, 3.79%, and 9.98%, 4.23% lower than those in 2000 and 2017, respectively. In conclusion, the coupling coordination degree of water and land resources was consistent with the spatial distribution of rocky desertification, indicating that rocky desertification had a great impact on the coupling coordination of water and land resources. Rocky desertification control is the key to improve the coupling coordination level of water and land resources in karst mountainous areas.