青藏公路都兰—格尔木段边坡侵蚀沟调查

(1.西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100; 2.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100; 3.中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100)

道路边坡; 细沟侵蚀; 影响因子; 青藏公路

Assessing Eroded Gully on Embankment of Highway in Dulan-Geermu Section of Qinghai-Tibet
GUO Xiaoxue1, TIAN Peng2, LIU Wenmin1, HAN Jianqiao1,3, ZHAO Guangju1,3

(1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 2.College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 3.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS&MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

embankment; rill erosion; influencing factors; Qinghai-Tibet highway

备注

为了探究高寒地区道路边坡沟谷侵蚀特征及其影响因子,以青藏公路都兰至格尔木段为研究对象,通过野外实地测量获取16个60 m样区公路边坡侵蚀沟的沟长、沟宽、沟深等数据,分析了侵蚀沟密度、深度、细沟体积等空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)细沟体积、平均深度、最大深度在空间上呈现出相似的规律,在靠近格尔木的S2711—S2595样区3个指标数值均较大,中间部分S2575—S2465样区数值均较小,靠近都兰的S2437—S2395样区3个指标数值呈现出逐渐上升的趋势。(2)通过系统聚类分析将16个样区分为了两大类,第一类样区包括格尔木至都兰沿线中间路段的8个样区,为弱侵蚀路段; 第二类样区包括靠近格尔木的6个样区和靠近都兰的2个样区,为强烈侵蚀路段。(3)分析样区侵蚀沟指标与其影响因子的相关性,发现研究区公路边坡细沟侵蚀与降雨强度具有一定的相关性,降雨强度越大,产生的细沟侵蚀量越高。根据高寒地区公路边坡侵蚀特点,提出从降低边坡坡度、完善坡面排水、开展坡面防护3个方面对边坡进行防护。
In order to probe into the spatial features of gullies along the highway and the influence factors in alpine and high-altitude regions, the 16 samples of Qinghai-Tibet highway from Dulan to Geermu were selected as research objects. For each segment, the gully length, density and depth were measured for each segment with 60 m. The spatial variations of these variables were analyzed to understand the changes in the characteristics of the gullies along the highway.(1)Gully volume, average depth and maximum depth showed similar spatial pattern. The values of the three indicators in the S2711 to S2595 samples near Geermu were relatively large, the values of the middle part of S2575 to S2465 samples were relatively small, an upward trends were detected among S2437 to S2395 samples near Dulan.(2)The 16 samples were divided into two categories by clustering analysis. The first category included 8 samples along the middle road from Geermu to Dulan, which were weakly eroded sections. The second category included 6 samples near Geermu and 2 samples near Dulan, which were highly eroded sections.(3)The correlation analysis was undertaken between eroded gully indices and the influence factors in the study area. The results showed that a good correlation existed between volume of eroded gully and rainfall intensity. The higher the rainfall intensity was, more gully erosion yielded. According to the characteristics of erosion on slope of highway in alpine region, three conservation measures such as reducing slope, improving drainage and conserving the embankment of the highway are proposed.