汾河上游土壤侵蚀时空变化及景观格局的影响
邹琴英1, 师学义1, 张 臻2

(1.中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083; 2.山西农业大学 林学院, 山西 晋中 030810)

土壤侵蚀; 景观格局; RUSLE模型; 时空变化

Effects of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Soil Erosion and Landscape Pattern in the Upper Reaches of the Fenhe River
ZOU Qinying1, SHI Xueyi1, ZHANG Zhen2

(1.College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2.College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030810, China)

soil erosion; landscape pattern; RUSLE model; temporal and spatial change

备注

为了了解汾河上游土壤侵蚀状况和景观格局变化,借助RUSLE模型计算汾河上游近12 a土壤侵蚀模数,并对流域土壤侵蚀景观格局进行了研究。结果表明:(1)平均侵蚀模数连年下降; 土壤侵蚀强度所占面积由土壤强度的高级别向低级别转移; 侵蚀格局从东南和西北高、中间低的格局逐渐转变到西北向东南逐渐增强。(2)近12 a,草地和建设用地面积显著减少,耕地和林地面积大幅增加; 耕地、有林地和草地是土壤侵蚀发生的主要地类,潜在土壤侵蚀量大。(3)人类活动对汾河上游景观的干扰性随着时间变化而减弱,区域各侵蚀强度的景观斑块形状趋于简单化、斑块的团聚程度加强、斑块的平均面积增大、优势斑块连接度好,各侵蚀类型的景观破碎度水平低,土壤侵蚀状况得到改善。由此可知,汾河上游近12 a土壤侵蚀状况改善,景观格局得到优化,生境质量得到提高。
In order to understand the soil erosion status and landscape pattern changes in the upper reaches of the Fenhe River, with the help of the RUSLE model, the soil erosion modulus in the upper 12 years of the Fenhe River was calculated, factor gradient analysis and a study on the landscape pattern of soil erosion in the watershed were carried out. The results show that:(1)the average erosion modulus has decreased year by year; the area of soil erosion intensity has shifted from a high level of soil intensity to a low level; the erosion pattern has gradually changed from southeast and northwest, and the pattern of low in the middle has gradually changed from northwest to southeast;(2)in the past 12 years, the areas of grassland and construction land have decreased significantly, and the areas of cultivated land and forest land have increased significantly; cultivated land, forested land and grassland are the main types prone to soil erosion, and the potential amount of soil erosion is severe;(3)the disturbance of human activities to the landscape of the upper Fenhe River weakens with time; the shapes of the landscape patches at each erosion intensity in the region tend to be simplified, the degree of patch reunion is strengthened, the average area of the patches increases, and connectivity of the advantage patches is good, the landscape fragmentation level of each erosion type is low, and the soil erosion situation has been improved. It can be seen that the soil erosion situation in the upper reaches of the Fen River has improved in the past 12 years, the landscape pattern has been optimized, and the quality of the habitat has been improved.