土地利用变化对渭河流域水文过程的影响
李烁阳1, 刘小燕1, 杨贵羽2, 刘奇真3

(1.内蒙古农业大学 水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018; 2.中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源研究所, 北京 100038; 3.内蒙古金华源环境资源工程咨询有限责任公司, 呼和浩特 010018)

土地利用变化; 水文分量; 径流; 水文模型; 渭河流域

Analysis of the Impact of Land Use Change on Runoff in the Weihe River Basin from the Perspective of Hydrologic Factor Variation
LI Shuoyang1, LIU Xiaoyan1, YANG Guiyu2

(1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; 2.Institute of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; 3.Inner Mongolia Jinhuayuan Environmental Resources Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd, Hohhot 010018, China)

land use change; hydrological component; runoff; hydrological model; Weihe River Basin

备注

为探讨渭河流域土地利用对水文过程的影响,以流域近35年土地利用变化为研究对象,通过SWAT模型生成子流域为基本研究单元,分析了土地利用变化对水文分量南北变化影响的差异性。结果表明:SWAT模型可以较好地模拟流域水文过程。近35年来土地利用变化不大,由土地利用变化引起的流域蒸散发和地下水补给量呈增加趋势,地表产流量和径流量呈减少趋势。耕地转化为草地、林地时,就整个流域平均水平而言,蒸散发增加了20.17 mm和45.83 mm,地下水补给量增加了4.14 mm和4.97 mm,地表产流量减少了24.59 mm和49.59 mm; 转化过程中蒸散发的增加是产流减少的主要原因。在空间响应上,流域中下游水文分量对土地利用变化空间响应敏感程度高于支流和上游。
In order to explore the impact of land use change on hydrological processes in the Weihe River Basin, this paper takes land use change in the last 35 years as the research object and subbasins generated by SWAT model as the basic research unit to analyze the difference of the impact of land use change on the north—south variation of hydrological components. The results show that: SWAT model can well simulate the watershed hydrological process; land use has not changed much in the past 35 years; evapotranspiration and groundwater replenishment of the basin have shown the increasing trend due to land use change, while surface production and runoff have shown the decreasing trend. When arable land is converted into grassland and woodland, as far as the average level of the entire basin is concerned, evapotranspiration has increased by 20.17 mm and 45.83 mm, groundwater recharge has increased by 4.14 mm and 4.97 mm, and surface runoff has decreased by 24.59 mm and 49.59 mm. In the conversion process, the increase of evapotranspiration is the main reason for the decrease of runoff production. In terms of spatial response, the hydrological components in the middle and lower reaches of the basin are more sensitive to the spatial response of land use change than the tributaries and the upper reaches.