水土保持研究

河川径流是水资源的重要组成部分,探究白龙江舟曲—武都区间干支流的径流变化特征及其关系,对认识该区域水资源状况及其合理开发利用具有重要意义。基于白龙江干支流5个水文站实测径流资料,采用累积距平法、双累积曲线、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,对白龙江干支流1981—2015年径流变化特征关系进行分析研究。结果表明:各站年径流量整体呈显著下降趋势,显著性水平均在0.05以上,径流减少的倾向率舟曲—武都区间干流、黄鹿坝、宕昌、马街分别为-2.16,-0.84,-0.56,-0.05亿m3/10 a,舟曲—武都区间干流35年间减少量高达7.56亿m3,相比区间干流减少量,支流拱坝河减少量占比38.89%,对于区间干流的变化有明显影响。舟曲—武都区间干流多年平均径流量14.13亿m3/a,区间入流以6.01亿m3/a占比42.56%,北峪河马街站占比最小仅为0.99%,区间入流量明显高于支流径流量。区间干流及3个支流年径流突变的临界年份分别为1986年、1986年、1994年、1991年。拱坝河支流对舟曲—武都区间干流径流变化影响最大,影响率高达44.97%,其次区间入流、岷江支流分别为37.74%,16.29%,小支流北峪河的影响最小仅为1%。

River runoff is an important part of water resources. It is of great significance to explore the characteristics and relations of runoff changes of the mainstream and tributaries between Zhouqu and Wudu region of Bailong River for understanding the regional water resources situation and its rational development and utilization. Based on the measured runoff data of five hydrological stations in the mainstream and tributaries of the Bailong River, we used anomaly accumulation, double accumulation curve, Mann-Kendall test to analyze and study the characteristic relationship of runoff change of the mainstream and tributaries in the Bailong River from 1981 to 2015. The results showed that: the runoff of all stations showed a downward trend overall and the significance level reached above 0.05; the trend rate of runoff reduction were -2.16, -0.84, -0.56 and -0.05 hundred million m3/decade for the main stream of zhouqu—wudu interval, Huangluba, Dangchang, Majie, and the decrease was 75.6 million m3 for the main stream between Zhouqu and Wudu in 35 years; compared with the reduction of the interval mainstream, the reduction of Gongba River accounted for 38.89%, which had a significant influence on the change of the interval mainstream; the average annual runoff of mainstream between Zhouqu and Wudu in Bailong River was 1.413 billion m3 and the interval inflow was 601 million m3/a, accounting for 42.56%, and that of Majie station in the Beiyu River was 0.99% at the minimum; the interval inflow was significantly higher than the tributary runoff; the critical years of annual runoff abrupt transition in the mainstream and the three tributaries were 1986, 1986, 1994 and 1991, respectively; the Gongba River had the greatest influence on the runoff change of the mainstream between Zhouqu and Wudu with an influence rate of 44.97%, followed by 37.74% and 16.29% for the interval inflow and Minjiang River, and the least influence was 1% for the small tributary Beiyu River.