为探讨不同树种组成的林分持水特性,采用实地调查与室内浸泡法,对倭肯河上游杂木林和阔叶红松林枯落物的蓄积量和持水特性进行测定,采用环刀法对土壤持水量进行测定。结果 表明:两种林型枯落物厚度约7.5 cm,蓄积量为8.07～9.85 t/hm2,最大持水量相当于可吸收2.0～2.5 mm的降水,有效拦蓄量相当于可吸收1.0 mm的降水。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R2>0.9843),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R2>0.9999)。两种林型土壤总孔隙度范围为50.32%～51.41%,非毛管孔隙度范围为3.00%～4.44%,土壤最大持水量范围为1 509.74～1 542.17 t/hm2,土壤有效持水量范围为89.96～133.32 t/hm2。阔叶红松林密度低,生产力高,枯落物层最大持水量、有效拦蓄量,土壤层最大持水量、有效持水量均高于杂木林,但各评价指标差异不显著(p>0.05)。两林地持水能力中等偏低,以提高森林水源涵养为目标时,可维持现有结构,进一步开展密度调整研究。
To explore the hydrological functions of forest with different tree species, the storage and water-holding characteristics of litter of two types forest stand in upstream of Woken River were surveyed by using field investigation and soaking method, the hydrological characteristics of soil layer were measured by cutting ring method. The results showed that: the litter thickness of two types forest was about 7.5 cm, and the litter storage ranged from 8.07～9.85 t/hm2, the maximum water-holding capacity and effective water interception capacity were at range of 2.0～2.5 mm and 1.0 mm rainfall; the water-holding capacity of litter had a logarithmic relation with soaking time(R2>0.9843), and water absorption rate showed a power function with soaking time(R2>0.9999); the total soil porosity, non-capillary porosity, maximum soil water holding capacity, effective soil water holding capacity ranged 50.32%～51.41%, 3.00%～4.44%, 1 509.74～1 542.17 t/hm2, 89.96～133.32 t/hm2, respectively; broad leaved Korean pine forest had lower density and higher productivity, while the evaluation indexes of water holding capacity such as the maximum water holding capacity and effective interception capacity, the maximum water holding capacity and effective water holding capacity of soil layer were higher than those of mixed forest(p>0.05). The water holding capacity of the two stands is medium and low. In order to improve the water conservation functions of forest, the existing structure can be maintained and the research on density adjustment can be further carried out.
