江淮生态经济区土地利用景观格局时空变化
马 帅1,2, 程 浩1,2, 林 晨3, 王良杰1,2

(1.南京林业大学 南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京林业大学, 南京 210037; 2.江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室, 南京林业大学, 南京 210037; 3.中国科学院 南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008)

江淮生态经济区; 土地利用; 景观格局; 梯度带; 时空变化

Spatiotemporal Changes of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Jianghuai Ecological Economic Zone
MA Shuai1,2, CHENG Hao1,2, LIN Chen3, WANG Liangjie1,2

(1.Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 3.Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

Jianghuai Ecological Economic zone; land use; landscape pattern; gradient zone; spatiotemporal change

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土地利用与景观格局变化研究可以了解自然过程和人类活动对土地和景观造成的影响,促进社会、经济和生态的可持续发展。江淮生态经济区作为江苏省“1+3”重点功能区经济区,在新时期江苏发展的布局中具有独特的地位,因此,研究其土地利用景观格局变化对江苏省未来发展的布局具有重要的意义。研究以江淮生态经济区2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年四期Landsat影像为主要数据源,借助ArcGIS软件和Fragstats软件,采用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局分析、梯度带分析等方法揭示了江淮生态经济区土地利用与景观格局的变化。结果 表明:耕地、建设用地和水域为研究区的优势景观,其中2000—2015年耕地面积减少2 366.45 km2,水域面积减少198.45 km2,建设用地面积增加2 271.29 km2; 耕地、建设用地和水域随梯度带破碎度先升高后降低,耕地和建设用地随梯度带形状趋于简单,水域则趋于复杂; 整体上呈现中心区域集聚明显,边缘区破碎化程度高的格局; 城市化、经济的快速发展和退圩还湖政策的实施是土地利用变化的主要因素; 保护基本农田,控制城镇扩张规模,恢复水资源,是保障江淮生态经济区生态系统可持续发展的重要措施。

The research on land use and landscape change can enhance the understanding of the nature and human activities on the society, economy and ecology. Jianghuai Ecological Economic Zone(JHEEZ), a key functional economic zone of ‘1+3' in Jiangsu Province, plays a unique role in the future development of Jiangsu Province. Therefore, it is important to study the changes of land use and landscape pattern in JHEEZ. In this research, we used the remote sensing images of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in JHEEZ as the data sources. With the support of multiple tools including ArcGIS and Fragstats software, land use transfer matrix, landscape pattern analysis, gradient zone analysis were employed to reveal the changes of land use and landscape pattern in the JHEEZ. The dominant land types in JHEEZ included cropland, construction land, and water area. From 2000 to 2015, the cropland area and water area decreased by 2 366.45 km2 and 198.45 km2, respectively, while the construction land area increased by 2 271.29 km2. Cropland, construction land, and water area increased first and then decreased with the fragmentation degree of gradient zone. The shape of cultivated land and construction land exhibited a simple shape of gradient zone, while water area tended to be complex. In general, the center area in JHEEZ exhibited an obvious agglomeration while the fringe area exhibited a high fragmentation degree. These results suggest that urbanization, rapid economic development, and the policy of returning cultivated land to lake are the principal factors on the land use changes. Protecting basic farmland, controlling the scale of urban expansion, and restoring water resources are important measures to ensure the sustainable development and maintain healthy ecosystem in JHEEZ.