不同控氮及苦荞品种对黄土高原典型土壤水肥的影响

(山西师范大学 地理科学学院, 山西省资源环境信息化管理院士工作站,山西 临汾 041000)

不同控氮量; 土壤水肥; 苦荞; 黄土高原

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments and Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars on Soil Water and Fertilizer of Typical Loess Plateau Soil
CHEN Wei, WANG Jia, SUN Congjian, WANG Hongyang, LI Yaxin

(College of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Academician's Workstation for Information Management of Resources and Environment in Shanxi Province,Linfen,Shanxi 041004,China)

different nitrogen treatment; soil water and fertilizer; tartary buckwheat; Loess Plateau

备注

为探究黄土高原典型土壤在不同施肥量及苦荞品种影响下的水肥特征,研究设置了3个控氮处理(尿素为0,80,100 mg/kg),探明耐氮性差异显著的苦荞品种(黑丰1号,HF,不耐低氮; 迪庆苦荞,DQ,耐低氮)整个生育期对土壤水肥状况的影响情况。结果 表明:(1)裂区分析结果显示氮控量、品种、氮控量和品种及时期三者之间的交互作用对土壤养分产生了极显著差异(p<0.01)。(2)整个生育期,常氮控量下(100 mg/kg),迪庆的有机质、pH、全氮、速效钾、全钾较黑丰高; 低氮控量下(80 mg/kg),迪庆的碱解氮、全氮、全磷、pH比黑丰高; 不施氮下(0 mg/kg),迪庆的水分、有机质、速效磷、全氮、全磷均比黑丰高。综上所述,在整个生育期黑丰1号的水肥消耗大于迪庆,生育期结束后有降低土壤pH的风险,黄土高原贫瘠地区土壤的可持续发展应多选用耐瘠性强的品种。

In order to investigate the characteristics of water and fertilizer of typical soils of the Loess Plateau under different fertilization and tartary buckwheat cultivars, three nitrogen treatments(0, 80, and 100 mg/kg urea)were set up to investigate differences in nitrogen tolerance tartary buckwheat cultivars(Heifeng No.1, HF, low nitrogen tolerance; Diqing tartary buckwheat, DQ, low nitrogen tolerance)on the status of soil water and fertilizer. The results showed that:(1)the analysis results of the cracking zone showed that the interactions among nitrogen control amount, cultivar, nitrogen control amount, and cultivar and period had extremely significant differences in soil nutrients(p<0.01);(2)the organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, available potassium, and total potassium in DQ field were higher than those in HF feild under the normal nitrogen(100 mg·kg-1)throughout the growth period, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pH in DQ field were higher than those in HF field under low nitrogen(80 mg/kg); without nitrogen, water content, organic matter, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, total nitrogen phosphorus in DQ field were higher than those in HF field under control treatment(0 mg/kg). In summary, the water and fertilizer consumption of HF was greater than that of DQ during the whole growth period, and there was a risk of lowering soil pH after the end of the growth period. For the sustainable development of soil in the barren region of the Loess Plateau, more cultivars with high tolerance to fertility should be selected.