为了探索沙漠地下水资源可持续利用的途径,以位于毛乌素沙地的榆林市为例,围绕沙地水资源利用、农业发展挑战以及综合治理等问题,选择陕西省治沙所和榆林学院进行了调研。结果 表明:(1)在榆林毛乌素沙地,地下水位变化趋势在不同生态区不同,沙区没有变化,矿区下降。灌草生长不参与地下水循环; 不同农作物对地下水有不同响应;(2)畜草、苹果和沙棘产业发展时面临产业化、精细化管理和机械化等难题;(3)农业发展面临水资源利用难以持续、生态风险增加、劳动力匮乏、农民生态观念淡薄等问题。建议榆林市统筹治理,把握产业发展和水资源合理利用两个核心; 因地制宜,分类施策,提高生态和经济协调发展水平; 推广水肥一体化和混合播种结构,加快苹果、沙棘和苜蓿产业化; 创新管理制度,加强环境监管和技术培训,探索适度放牧。
In order to explore the sustainable use of desert groundwater resources, taking the Mu Us Sandy Land in Yulin as the example, we carried out the investigation on the challenges of water resources utilization and agricultural development in the sandy land, and the comprehensive governance in Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Sand Control and Yulin Uinversity. The results show that:(1)the change trend of groundwater table is different, groundwater table has no change in the sand area, while it declines in the mining area; the growths of shrubs and grass do not exert impact on the groundwater cycle; different crops have various responses to groundwater;(2)the development of livestock forage, apple and seabuckthorn are facing the challenges of the industrialization, refined management and mechanization;(3)the agricultural development faces problems such as the unsustainable use of water resources, increase of ecological risks, lack of labor powers, and weakness of farmers' ecological consciousness. It is recommended that Yulin government should grasp the two keys of industrial development and rational use of water resources to accomplish overall management, and should adapt to local conditions, implement diversified policies in different categories, and improve the coordination between ecological improvement and economic development; the integration of water and fertilizer and intercropping structure should be promoted, and the industrialization of apple, sea buckthorn and alfalfa should be accelerated; the efforts should be made to innovate management systems, strengthen environmental supervision and technical training, and explore appropriate grazing.
