宁夏回族自治区旅游生态安全动态评价及其驱动机制

(1.宁夏职业技术学院 商学院, 银川 750021; 2.宁夏大学 农学院, 银川 750021; 3.宁夏大学 资源环境学院, 银川 750021)

DPSIR模型; 旅游生态安全; 地理探测器; 宁夏回族自治区

Dynamic Evaluation and Driving Mechanism of Tourism Ecological Security in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
CHEN Li1, SONG Xiaolong2, BU Xiaoyan3

(1.Business School, Ningxia Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2.College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 3.College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021)

DPSIR model; tourism ecological security; geographic detector; Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

备注

为了科学评价旅游地生态安全的时序演变及其动态变化特征,识别其影响因素,探讨其驱动机制对协调旅游地生态环境保护与旅游产业快速发展的矛盾,推进区域旅游经济与生态环境持续健康发展。以宁夏回族自治区为例,基于DPSIR模型构架指标体系,综合运用熵权法、TOPSIS模型和地理探测器等方法对研究区2009—2018年旅游生态安全动态变化特征及其驱动机制进行了分析研究。结果 表明:宁夏旅游生态安全贴近度由2009年的0.423增加至2018年的0.517,旅游生态安全状况有所改善,但其安全等级始终处于中等水平,整体水平有待进一步改善; 就不同子系统而言,驱动力系统和状态系统整体呈现下降趋势,压力系统、影响系统和响应系统整体呈上升趋势; 通过地理探测器探测发现,不同因素对旅游生态安全影响的强度存在显著差异,关键影响因子数量减少,单一因素对旅游生态安全的影响增加。而旅游空间密度高、压力大,生态环境质量不高、响应能力不足是宁夏生态安全整体水平较低的主要原因。因此依据旅游生态系统承载力,合理把控游客数量,加大生态环境治理与保护,提高系统响应能力是提升和改善研究区旅游生态安全的重要途径和方式。

In order to scientifically evaluate the temporal evolution and dynamic change characteristics of tourism destination ecological security, identify its influencing factors, explore its driving mechanism to coordinate the contradiction between the ecological environment protection and the rapid development of tourism industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of regional tourism economy and ecological environment, we took Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an example to construct an index system, based on the DPSIR model, used the entropy weight method, the TOPSIS model, and the geo-detector to analyze and study the dynamic changes in tourism ecological security and its driving mechanism in the study area from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that the closeness of Ningxia's tourism ecological security increased from 0.423 in 2009 to 0.517 in 2018; the ecological security status of tourism had be improved, but its security level had always been at a medium level, and the overall level needed to be further improved; in terms of different subsystems, the overall driving force system and status system showed a downward trend, and the pressure system, the impact system, and the response system showed an overall upward trend. Through the detection of geographic detectors, it was found that the intensity of different factors' impact on tourism ecological security was significantly different, and the number of key impact factors decreased. The influence of a single factor on tourism ecological security had increased. The high density of tourism space, high pressure, low quality of the ecological environment, and insufficient response capacity are the main reasons for the overall low level of ecological security in Ningxia. Therefore, based on the carrying capacity of the tourism ecosystem, the number of tourists should be controlled reasonably, and the ecological environment governance and protection and improvement of system response ability are important ways and methods to enhance and improve tourism ecological security in the study area.