冀北山地天然次生林枯落物层水文生态功能对不同林分密度的响应
塔 莉1, 张丽茹2

(1.河北环境工程学院 生态学系, 河北 秦皇岛 066102; 2.河北省木兰围场国有林场, 河北 围场 068450)

冀北山地; 不同密度; 次生林; 枯落物; 水文生态

Response of Hydro-Ecological Functions of Natural Secondary Forest Litter Layer to Different Stand Densities in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei Province
TA Li1, ZHANG Liru2

(1.Department of Ecology, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102, China; 2.Mulan-Weichang Forestry Administration of Hebei Province, Weichang, Hebei 068450, China)

mountain area of northern Hebei; different density; secondary forest; litter; hydrological ecology

备注

为研究冀北山地天然次生林枯落物层水文生态功能对不同林分密度的响应,以该地区5种密度天然次生林作为研究对象,采用室内浸泡法对枯落物层水文生态效应进行了定量测定。结果 表明:(1)枯落物厚度范围为45.34～60.70 mm,蓄积量为11.56～19.64 t/hm2,依次排序为930株/hm2>1 190株/hm2>780株/hm2>520株/hm2>280株/hm2,即随着林分密度增加呈现先增长后减小的变化规律。(2)枯落物层最大持水量变化范围为23.26～44.67 t/hm2,枯落物最大拦蓄量范围为21.15～39.56 t/hm2,枯落物有效拦蓄量范围为17.66～32.86 t/hm2,大小排序均为:930株/hm2>1 190株/hm2>780株/hm2>520株/hm2>280株/hm2。(3)枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈明显对数函数关系(R2>0.93),持水速率与与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R2>0.99)。(4)综合枯落物层持水能力与拦蓄能力表明密度为930株/hm2的林分生态水文效应最强,而其他密度水文生态功能相对较差,因此在该地区内针对密度过高或过低的天然次生林进行有效抚育措施有利于增加林分的水源涵养能力。

In order to study the hydrological and ecological functions of the natural secondary forest litter layer in different density areas in the Mountain area of northern Hebei Province, the hydro-ecological effects of litter layers of five dense natural secondary forests were quantitatively measured by indoor immersion method. The results showed that:(1)the litter thickness ranged from 45.34 mm to 60.70 mm, and the accumulations ranged from 11.56 t/hm2 to 19.64 t/hm2. The litter thickness decreased in the order: 930 trees/hm2>1 190 trees/hm2>780 trees/hm2>520 trees/hm2>280 trees/hm2;(2)the maximum water holding capacity of litter layer ranged from 23.26 t/hm2 to 44.67 t/hm2, 21.15 t/hm2 to 39.56 t/hm2 and 17.66 t/hm2 to 32.86 t/hm2, respectively; the maximum water holding capacity decreased in the order: 930 trees/hm2>1 190 trees/hm2>780 trees/hm2>520 trees/hm2>280 trees/hm2;(3)there was a logarithmic function relationship between litter water holding capacity and soaking time(R2>0.93), and a power function relationship between litter water holding rate and soaking time(R2>0.99);(4)the comprehensive water holding capacity and retention capacity of litter layer showed that the ecological and hydrological effect of 930 trees/hm2 stands was the strongest, while the hydrological and ecological function of other densities was relatively poor. Therefore, effective tending measures for the natural secondary forests with too high or too low density in this area can be conducive to increasing the water conservation capacity of the stands.