以STIRPAT模型为理论分析工具,基于2013—2017年陕西十个地级市的相关统计数据,分析了影响陕西省空气质量的相关因素。结果 表明:2013—2017年环境空气质量标准(GB3095—2012)的执行使得陕西空气质量得到一定的改善,PM2.5值、PM10值、大气SO2含量、CO含量呈下降趋势,但AQI和大气中CO2与O3含量则呈上升趋势,该阶段陕西经济发展与环境质量之间的关系尚处于环境库兹涅茨倒U型曲线的初期阶段,即经济越发展空气质量较差的阶段,陕北和陕南地区空气质量整体高于关中地区。在当前陕西城市化发展的中期阶段,对陕西空气质量影响显著的因素是人口、财富、技术、交通等,但未来随着城市化水平的继续提升,水土保持(产业结构、园林绿化)因素对空气质量的影响将日益显著。为促进陕西省空气质量提升,近期应合理控制城市人口密度、以科技创新驱动产业结构调整、减少单位GDP能耗、继续实行交通限行政策、发展新能源公共交通工具。远期则应加强水土保持措施,进一步合理规划与利用城市土地、优化绿化林结构、增加绿化面积,利用财政支出的杠杆调节作用合理利用环保资金。
Based on the relevant statistical data of ten prefecture-level cites of Shaanxi Province from 2013 to 2017, we used STIRPAT model as a theoretical analysis tool to analyze the main factors affecting air quality in Shaanxi Province. The results show that the relationship between economic development and environmental quality in Shaanxi Province was still in the initial stage of the inverted U-shaped curve of environmental Kuznets from 2013 to 2017, the more the economy develops, the worse the air quality; the air qualities of ten cities in Shaanxi had been improved after implementation of Environmental Air Quality Standard(GB3095—2012)from 2013 to 2017; AQI value was on the rise, PM2.5 value, PM10 value, atmospheric SO2 content, CO content showed a downward trend, but the contents of CO2 and O3 in the atmosphere were still on the rise; the air qualities in northern and southern Shaanxi were higher than that in middle Shaanxi; in the middle stage of urbanization development at present, population, wealth, technology and transportation are the most important factors affecting the air quality in Shaanxi. In order to improve the air quality of Shaanxi Province, it is necessary to control the population density of the city reasonably, adjust industrial structure driven by scientific and technological innovation, reduce the energy consumption per unit GDP recently, continually implement the traffic restriction policy, and develop new energy public transport should. In the long run, we soil and water conservation measures, such as planning and using urban land rationally, optimizing the structure of green forest, increasing the green area, and reasonably using environmental protection funds by using the leverage of financial expenditure, should be strengthened.
