河套灌区灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生产性状及水分利用效率的影响

(1.河套学院, 内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000; 2.内蒙古自治区河套灌区灌溉排水工程技术研究中心, 内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000)

膜下滴灌; 株高; 叶面积指数; 生物质累积量; SPAD; 产量; 水分利用效率

Effects of Irrigation Quota on Maize Yield Traits and Water Use Efficiency Under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation Distract
HUO Yizhen, WANG Wenda, HAN Cuilian, LI Shengyong, GUO Yanfen

(1.Hetao University, Bayannur, lnner Mongolia 015000, China; 2.Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Technology Research Center, Hetao Irrigation District, Bayannur, lnner Mongolia 015000, China)

mulched drip irrigation; plant height; leaf area index; aboveground biomass accumulation; SPAD; yield; water use efficiency

备注

为评价膜下滴灌在河套灌区玉米种植过程中的适宜性,同时筛选出适宜灌区的滴灌灌溉定额。试验以传统漫灌CK(358 mm)为对照,设置不同滴灌灌溉定额DP1(180 mm)、DP2(200 mm)、DP3(220 mm)、DP4(240 mm)和DP5(260 mm)共5个处理,系统研究了不同处理对玉米全生育期内株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量累积量、叶片SPAD值及产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果 表明:各滴灌处理玉米生产指标及水分利用效率均显著高于传统漫灌处理。随滴灌灌溉定额的增加,玉米株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量累积量和SPAD均呈显著增加趋势,整体表现为处理DP5>DP4>DP3>DP2>DP1,但各指标DP4和DP5间差异性不显著,说明当灌溉量达到一定值时,继续增加灌溉水量对玉米生长指标影响大幅减弱。膜下滴灌显著提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率,且以处理DP4增加最显著,产量分别较处理CK,DP1,DP2,DP3和DP5高56.06%,40.37%,33.67%,6.50%和5.48%,水分利用效率高149.05%,26.56%,25.22%,5.82%和12.44%。综合分析该地区玉米膜下滴灌灌溉定额以240 mm为宜。

In order to evaluate the suitability of mulched drip irrigation for maize planting in Hetao Irrigation Distract, and screen suitable irrigation quota, five treatments of different drip irrigation quotas including DP1(180 mm), DP2(200 mm), DP3(220 mm), DP4(240 mm)and DP5(260 mm)were set up, and traditional flooding irrigation(358 mm)was set as the control. The effects of different treatments on plant height, leaf area index, aboveground biomass accumulation, leaf SPAD value, yield, and water use efficiency during the whole growth period of maize were systematically measured. The results show that: the yield and water use efficiency of maize treated by drip irrigation were significantly higher than traditional flooding irrigation; with the increase of drip irrigation quota, the plant height, leaf area index, aboveground biomass accumulation and SPAD all show the significant increase, and the overall performance decreases in the order: DP5>DP4>DP3>DP2>DP1; however, the difference between DP4 and DP5 is not significant, indicating that when the irrigation amount reaches a certain value, the effect of continuous increase of irrigation water on maize growth index greatly weakens; mulched drip irrigation significantly increases maize yield and water use efficiency, and DP4 increases these indeices most significantly, the yields are 56.06%, 40.37%, 33.67%, 6.50% and 5.48% higher than those of CK, DP1, DP2, DP3 and DP5, respectively; the water use efficiency increases by 149.05%, 26.56%, 25.22%, 5.82% and 12.44%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicates that 240 mm irrigation quota of maize mulched drip irrigation in this area is more suitable.