黄土高原东部主要作物需水量空间分布规律

(山西师范大学 地理科学学院, 山西 临汾 041000)

作物需水; 空间分布; P-M模型; 水分盈亏指数

Spatial Distribution of Water Requirements for Different Crops in North Loess Plateau
CHEN Wei, CHEN Li, SUN Congjian, ZHENG Zhenjing, LI Xiaoming

(School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China)

crop water demand; spatial distribution; P-M mode; water deficit index

备注

为研究黄土高原东部主要作物需水量,基于P-M(Penman-Monteith)作物需水模型,采用山西省内25个气象站点逐日气象数据,计算黄土高原东部冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、玉米(Zea mays L.)、谷子(Setaria italica)、高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]的作物需水量、灌溉需水量及水分盈亏指数。结果 表明:(1)4类作物的作物需水量为293.39~656.77 mm,谷子年均需水量较冬小麦节约39.99%、较玉米节约30.58%,高粱年均需水量较冬小麦节约14.01%、较玉米节约0.53%;(2)灌溉需水量为0~289.69 mm,作物平均灌溉需水量由多到少依次为冬小麦、玉米、高粱、谷子;(3)主要作物水分盈亏指数为-0.23~0.48,谷子是出现水分唯一盈余的作物,区域南部水分盈亏指数最小,冬小麦区域中部缺水严重,玉米、谷子、高粱在区域北部缺水最为严重。研究主要作物需水量空间分布对于确定作物灌溉用水量,了解水分盈亏程度,合理布局种植结构有重要指导意义。

Based on the P-M(penman-monteith)crop water demand model, daily meteorological data from 25 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province were used to calculate the crop water demands, irrigation water demands and water deficit indices of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), maize( Zea mays L.), millet(Setaria italica)and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench] in the east of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that:(1)the water requirements of the four crops were between 293.39 mm and 656.77 mm; the average annual water requirement of millet was 39.99% less than that of winter wheat, 30.58% less than that of corn, 14.01% less than that of winter wheat, and 0.53% less than that of corn;(2)the irrigation water demand was between 0 and 289.69 mm, and the average irrigation water demands of crops were in the order of winter wheat, corn, sorghum and millet from most to least;(3)the water deficit indices of main crops were between -0.23 and 0.48, and millet was the only crop with water surplus; the water deficit index was the smallest in the south of the region, the water deficit index was serious in the middle of winter wheat region, and the water deficit was most serious in the north of maize, millet and sorghum region. The study on the spatial distribution of water demands of main crops has the important guiding significance for determining the irrigation water consumptions of crops, understanding the degree of water deficit and rational planting structure.