河套灌区番茄微咸水灌溉定额探讨

(1.河海大学 水利水电学院, 南京210098; 2.中国水利水电科学研究院 水利研究所, 北京 100048; 3.西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室/旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西 杨凌 712100; 4.盐碱地改良研究院, 内蒙古 五原 015199; 5.巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所, 内蒙古 临河 015000)

微咸水灌溉; 灌溉定额; 田间试验; 番茄

Discussion on Saline Water Irrigation Quota for Tomato in Hetao Irrigation Zone
LI Jingang1, WANG Shaoli2, HE Pingru3, GAO Hongyong4, Huang Yongping5

(1.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; 3.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; 4. Institute of Saline Soil Improvement, Wuyuan, Inner Mongolia 015199, China; 5.Water Conservancy Science Research Institute of Bayannaoer, Linhe, Inner Mongolia 015000, China)

saline water irrigation; irrigation quota; field experiment; tomato

备注

为了探究微咸水灌水定额对作物和土壤盐分的影响,在河套灌区义长灌域以番茄为研究对象,开展了微咸水膜下滴灌大田试验研究。试验设计4个微咸水单次灌水定额水平,分别为20 mm(WH1),30 mm(WH2),40 mm(WH3),50 mm(WH4),以及一个淡水膜下滴灌对照(20 mm),采用张力计控制滴头下20 cm土壤基质势指导灌溉(-25 kPa),分析了微咸水膜下滴灌对番茄幼苗成活率、番茄生长指标、产量、品质及土层积盐的影响,并进行膜下滴灌效益分析。结果 表明:番茄苗期采用微咸水灌溉对应幼苗成活率相对淡水滴灌下降6.38%~19.15%; 微咸水灌水定额对番茄植株茎粗、单株果数、茄果的可溶性固形物含量和总糖含量没有显著影响,茄果总酸含量随单次灌水定额的增加而减小; 当微咸水灌水定额达到30 mm时番茄产量相对淡水滴灌提高最大达9.86%,膜内土体积盐量最少,且净收益相对淡水滴灌提高最大达11.73%。综合考虑番茄产量、茄果品质、土壤积盐和经济效益,建议在义长灌域取用浅层地下微咸水的单次灌水定额为30 mm,番茄生育期内累计滴灌10次,在番茄苗期宜采取有效的农艺措施保苗,在番茄收获后当年秋季或次年春季需要引黄河水进行淋盐储水灌溉。

To study the effects of saline water irrigation quota for each application on crops and soil salt content, a field experiment about saline water irrigation was carried out in Yichang irrigation area, and the tomato was selected as the test crop. There were four saline water irrigation quota levels such as 20 mm(WH1), 30 mm(WH2), 40 mm(WH3), 50 mm(WH4), and the control treatment of fresh water irrigation with 20 mm was settled additionally, tensiometers were buried at 20 cm underneath the dripper to trigger irrigation by controlling the soil matrix(-25 kPa). The effects of saline water irrigation quota for each application on tomato seedlings survival rate, plant architecture, fruit yield, fruit quality, soil salinization and economic benefits were investigated. The results indicated that the survival rate for saline water irrigation decreased by 6.38%~19.15% compared with that of fresh water irrigation at seeding stage; there was no significant effects of saline water irrigation for each application on the stem diameter, fruit number per plant, fruit soluble solids and total sugar content, fruit total acid of tomato decreased with the increase of brackish water irrigation quota; when the saline water irrigation quota for each application reached 30 mm, tomato yield got the maximum, which increased by 9.86% compared with that of fresh water irrigation, meanwhile, the accumulated soil salt beneath the plastic film was the least, while the net benefit achieved the maximum, which was 11.73% higher than that of fresh water drip irrigation. Considering tomato yield, fruit quality, soil salinization and economic benefit, the present study suggest that, the irrigation quota of shallow underground brackish water for each application was 30 mm, and equipped with 10 times irrigation events during tomato growth period, moreover, effective agronomic measures should be taken to ensure the high seedlings survival rate, additionally, supplementary irrigation is required in the autumn or next spring for soil salt leaching and soil moisture storage.