为研究黄土高原地区对全球变暖“停滞”现象是否存在响应,运用1960—2013年黄土高原地区114气象站点月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温数据,对数据进行了均一化的检验和订正,使用线性趋势法、距平值法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了黄土高原地区近54 a气温的变化特征,并分析了黄土高原地区气温变化对Hiatus现象的响应过程。结果 显示:(1)1960—2013年平均气温升温显著,升温率为0.27℃/10 a,平均最低气温升温率(0.35℃/10 a)>平均最高气温(0.297℃/10 a)>平均气温(0.27℃/10 a),空间上平均气温、平均最高气温升温率由东南向西北增加;(2)1960s以来平均气温、平均最低气温、最高气温后一个年代气温距平值大于前一个年代,平均气温和平均最低气温冬季升温最显著,平均最高气温秋季升温最显著;(3)黄土高原地区在Hiatus期间出现升温减缓趋势,期间气温变化倾向率为-0.33℃/10 a,Hiatus期间气温降低是由冬季气温显著降低引起的,夏季气温呈不显著升高趋势。平均最低与最高气温也在Hiatus期间出现升温减缓趋势,全球气温变化的Hiatus现象在黄土高原地区有明显的区域响应,黄土高原地区处于北半球干旱区与湿润区的过渡带,是气候变化的敏感带,其气温变化一定程度上证实了1998—2013年全球升温减缓的趋势是存在的。
In order to study the response of the climate in the Loess Plateau region to Hiatus of global change phenomenon, based on the annual and monthly data of average minimum temperature, average temperature and average maximum temperature in 114 meteorological stations of Loess Plateau and the surrounding region from 1960 to 2013, trend of temperature in the Loess Plateau were analyzed by the linear trend and Mann-Kendall trend test method. The results indicated that mean temperature had significantly increased by 0.27℃/decade from 1960 to 2013, the annual minimum temperature and maximum temperature also showed the increasing trend, the average minimum temperature rising rate(0.35℃/decade)was greater than average maximum temperature(0.297℃/decade)and average temperature(0.27℃/decade). The variability of annual average temperature and maximum temperature displayed the increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. Temperature departure value of mean minimum temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean temperature had been larger than the previous decade since the 1960s. Variability of average temperature and minimum temperature in winter were the most significant but the maximum temperature increased obviously in autumn. There was the decreasing trend for the maximum temperature at the rate of -0.33℃/decade during the period of Hiatus(1998—2013). During the period, the decrease of temperature was caused by a significant decrease of temperature in winter, but the increasing trend of temperature was not obviously increase in summer. The mean minimum and maximum temperature decreased at the same time between 1998 and 2013. The temperature change in the Loess Plateau had the significant response to Hiatus of global change phenomenon. The regional temperature change in the Loess Plateau had proved that the decreasing trend of global temperature in 1998—2013 occurred.
