为了揭示典型草原不同土壤类型中的植物种群特征、种群生态位状况以及对有限资源的利用状况,以锡林河流域12种土壤类型下植物群落为研究对象,利用TWINSPAN群落分类法对研究区植被进行群落分类,运用经典生态位理论,探讨了其群落组成的数量特征和各群落中的主要种群(各群落中的建群种+优势种)生态位特征。结果 表明:研究区内草原植被被划分为了5个主要的群落类型。潜育黑土中群落平均高度最高,石灰性黑钙土中群落平均密度最高,地上生物量在石灰性黑土中最高,地下生物量在淋溶型栗钙土中最高。淋溶型栗钙土中种群最为丰富,普通栗钙土中群落之间物种组成的共有种较少,物种的个体所占比例较大。从研究区整体来看,羊草占有绝对优势,从12种土壤类型来看,猪毛菜为主要优势种。大针茅的生态位总宽度最大,在研究区内分布最为广泛,且其在各土壤类型中与其他物种的生态位重叠指数也较高。
In order to reveal the plant population characteristics, population niche status and utilization of limited resources in different soil types of typical grasslands, the plant communities under 12 soil types in the Xilin River Basin were studied, and the TWINSPAN community classification method was used to study the classification of vegetation communities, and the classical niche theory was used to explore the quantitative characteristics of its community composition and the niche characteristics of the main populations in each community(established species + dominant species in each community). The grasslands in the study area are mainly divided into five community types. The average height of the community in the gleyic phaiozems was the highest, the average density of the community in the calcareous chernozem is the highest, the aboveground biomass is the highest in the calcareous phaiozems, and the underground biomass is the highest in the leaching chestnut calcareous soil. There are fewer common species of species composition among common chestnut soils, and the proportion of individual is larger. There are fewer common species of species composition among common chestnut soils, and the proportion of individual is larger. From the perspective of the study area as a whole, Leymus chinensis has an absolute advantage. From the perspective of 12 soil types, Salsola collina is the dominant species. The total niche of Stipa grandis is the largest, and it most widely distributes in the study area, and its niche overlap index with other species in different soil types is also higher. In summary, soil type is an important factor leading to different community compositions and niches.
