基于SPEI的广西干旱综合特征及农业旱灾风险研究

(1.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院, 南宁 530004; 2.广西大学 工程防灾与结构安全教育部重点实验室, 南宁 530004; 3.广西防灾减灾与工程安全重点实验室, 南宁 530004)

干旱特征; 旱灾风险; SPEI; 游程理论; 广西

Research on Drought Characteristics and Agricultural Drought Risk Assessment in Guangxi Based on SPEI
YANG Xingxing1, YANG Yunchuan1,2,3, DENG Simin1, LIAO Liping1,2,3, XIE Xinchang1, TIAN Yi1

(1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; 3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction and Engineering Security, Nanning 530004, China)

drought characteristics; drought risk; SPEI; run theory; Guangxi

备注

为分析干旱灾害综合特征,并结合其多维度特性进行风险评估,以广西为研究区,基于SPEI指数采用游程理论提取了干旱强度及历时两个维度的信息,并采用Mann-kendall,Hurst,Pettitt,EEMD,Copula函数等分析对比了这两个维度的多种特征,最后又将其与社会发展数据结合,采用灾害风险系统理论评估了广西农业旱灾风险。结果 表明:(1)1961—2016年,广西地区干旱强度呈现出微弱的下降趋势,干旱历时则相反,两者变化趋势均不显著,但后者有更强的未来延续性。(2)干旱强度在2007年存在突变点,历时则是在1985年,两者主周期均在3.20 a左右。(3)Gumbel Copula函数为干旱强度及历时的最优联合概率分布; 短历时低强度干旱居多,约有60%的干旱其强度及历时均小于3。(4)干旱强度在桂东南较大,桂南较小,历时则在贺州—来宾—崇左的带状区域内较高,在桂东南较低; 强度在桂北以减小为主,在桂南以增长为主; 历时在大部分区域均以增长为主,桂中尤甚。(5)农业旱灾风险最高的是桂东南的崇左,以及桂中的来宾,其余各区域中,桂西北区域的旱灾风险要明显高于桂东南。该成果可为完善广西地区干旱预警机制提供参考。

Drought is the most common natural disaster with typical multi-dimensional characteristics. The risk of drought is determined by the comprehensive characteristics such as the degree of water shortage and the duration of drought. Taking Guangxi as the research area, we extracted the information of drought intensity and duration based on SPEI index with run theory, and analyzed the characteristics by using Mann-kendall, Hurst, Pettitt, EEMD and Copula. Finally, the disaster risk system theory was used to evaluate the risk of agricultural drought in Guangxi. The results showed that:(1)the drought intensity presented a weak downward trend, while the drought duration was contrary to that trend, both trends were not significant, but the latter had a stronger future continuity;(2)there was a sudden change in drought intensity series in 2007, sudden change in drought duration occurred in 1985, and their main periods were about 3.20 years;(3)Gumbel Copula is the optimal joint probability distribution of drought intensity and duration, while short-duration and low-intensity drought was the most common, about 60% of drought intensities and duration were less than 3;(4)the drought intensity was larger in southeastern Guangxi, smaller in southern Guangxi, drought duration was higher in Hezhou-Laibin-Chongzuo zonal area and lower in southeastern Guangxi; the trend of change was that the intensity decreased in northern Guangxi, and increased in southern Guangxi; while in most regions, the drought intensity increased, and significantly increased in central Guangxi;(5)there was the highest risk of agricultural drought in Chongzuo of southeastern Guangxi and Laibin of central Guangxi; in the other regions, drought risk in northwestern Guangxi was significantly higher than that in southeastern Guangxi. These results can help Guangxi improve the early warning of agricultural droughts.