为了厘清湿地生态系统碳汇潜力和生态系统对环境变化的响应。以滇东南典型岩溶流域普者黑为研究对象,将岩溶湿地划分为河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地和库塘湿地4种类型,研究湿地沉积物碳、氮和磷的平衡关系,探讨了丰水期、枯水期和平水期不同水期湿地表层沉积物碳、氮、磷的分布及生态化学计量学特征。结果 表明:(1)普者黑流域不同类型湿地表层沉积物SOC,TN-S,TP-S含量在不同时期的变化规律不一致,SOC含量在平水期的库塘湿地最高,为47.81 g/kg,丰水期的沼泽湿地最低,为12.77 g/kg; TN-S含量在枯水期的沼泽湿地最高,为2.93 g/kg,丰水期的库塘湿地最低,为1.22 g/kg; TP-S含量在河流湿地最高,为1.32 g/kg,丰水期的沼泽湿地最低,分别为0.43 g/kg; 且不同类型湿地表层沉积物SOC,TN-S,TP-S之间呈显著正相关(p<0.05);(2)不同类型湿地表层沉积物C/N-S,C/P-S和N/P-S在不同时期下的变化规律基本一致,从枯水期、丰水期至平水期除湖泊湿地外均呈上升趋势,C/N-S和C/P-S在平水期的库塘湿地最高,分别为25.43,94.49,N/P-S在平水期的沼泽湿地最高,为4.04; C/N-S,C/P-S和N/P-S在枯水期的河流湿地最低,分别为9.17,14.85,1.62,且不同类型湿地表层沉积物C/N-S,C/P-S,N/P-S与TN-S,TP-S及水质N/P-W之间呈显著正相关(p<0.05);(3)总体上看,丰水期的SOC,TN-S,TP-S含量均低于枯水期和平水期,平水期的C/N-S,C/P-S和N/P-S值均高于枯水期。
To clarify the carbon sink potential of wetland ecosystem and the ecosystem response to environmental change, taking Puzhehei karst watershed in Southeast Yunnan as the research site, we divided the karst wetlands in this watershed into 4 types: river wetland, lake wetland, swamp wetland and reservoir wetland. The balance relationship of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland sediments was studied, and the distribution and eco-chemical characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in surface sediments of wetland in wet season, dry season and peaceful season were discussed. The results show that:(1)the changes of contents of SOC, TN-S and TP-S in surface sediments of different types of wetlands in Puzhehei watershed are different in different periods, the SOC content(47.81 g/kg)in reservoir pond wetlands is the highest in average period, the SOC content(12.77 g/kg)is the lowest in marsh wetland in wet period, and the SOC content(2.93 g/kg)is the highest in Marsh wetlands in dry period(2.93 g/kg), the lowest SOC content in reservoir pond wetland is 1.22 g/kg in wet period; the content of TP-S(1.32 g/kg)is the highest in river wetlands and the content of TP-S(0.43 g/kg)is the lowest in marsh wetlands, respectively; there are the significant positive correlations among SOC, TN-S and TP-S in surface sediments of different types of wetlands(p<0.05);(2)the changes of C/N-S, C/P-S and N/P-S in surface sediments of different types of wetlands are basically the same in different hydrological periods; except for Lake wetlands, from dry season, wet season to average season, C/N-S and C/P-S in average season are the highest, which are 25.43 and 94.49, respectively, and N/P-S in average season is the highest, C/N-S, C/P-S and N/P-S are the lowest in dry season, which are 9.17, 14.85 and 1.62, respectively; there are the significant positive correlations between C/N-S, C/P-S, N/P-S and TN-S, TP-S and N/P-W in surface sediments of different types of wetlands (p<0.05);(3)generally speaking, the contents of SOC, TN-S and TP-S in wet season are lower than those in dry season and average season, and the C/N-S, C/P-S and N/P-S values in average season are higher than those in dry season.
