1960-2015年内蒙古极端气候事件的时空变化特征
雅 茹1, 丽 娜2, 银 山1,3, 包玉海1,3

(1.内蒙古师范大学 地理科学学院, 呼和浩特 010022; 2.东北师范大学 环境学院, 长春 130024; 3.内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022)

极端气候事件; 变化趋势; 时空分布; 内蒙古地区

Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Extreme Climate Events in Inner Mongolia During the Period 1960-2015
YA Ru1, LI Na2, YIN Shan1,3, BAO Yuhai1,3

(1.Institute of Geography Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China; 2.Department of Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; 3.Key Laboratory of remote Sensing and Geographic Information of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia normal University, Hohhot 010022, China)

extreme climate events; trends; spatial and temporal distribution; Inner Mongolia

备注

近年来,频发的极端气候事件对社会发展、生态建设以及人类健康造成了很大的危害,对极端气候事件的研究具有极其重要的现实意义。基于内蒙古自治区47个代表性气象站点的1960—2015年气象日值数据,选取与水热组合、植被生长、农牧业发展息息相关的14个极端气候事件相关指数,利用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、Sen's斜率法以及空间统计方法,分析了内蒙古地区极端气候事件的时空变化规律。结果 表明:56 a间,内蒙古地区极端温度事件存在显著的年际波动,极端高温指数呈显著上升趋势,极端低温指数呈显著下降趋势,且夜间温度增加幅度大于昼间温度的增加幅度; 极端气温的空间变化特征不明显,东部极端温度事件的变幅略大于西部地区。极端降水指数总体上呈非显著性下降趋势,表明内蒙古地区降水情况较稳定; 就其空间变化规律而言,东部和西部各站点的多降水指数以上升趋势为主,中部地区多以下降趋势为主。

In recent years, frequent extreme climate events have caused serious harm to social development, ecological construction and human health. The study on extreme climate events is of great practical significance. 14 extreme climatic indices closely related to the combination of water and heat, the growth of vegetation and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry were calculated based on daily data from 47 meteorological stations during 1960—2015 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The temporal and spatial variations and future trend of extreme climate events were analyzed by using regression tend, Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope method and spatial statistical method. The results indicate that there is significant interannual fluctuations in the extreme temperature events in Inner Mongolia during the 56 years, the extreme high temperature index shows a significant upward trend, the extreme low temperature index shows a significant downward trend, and the increase of night time temperature is greater than the increase in the inter-turn temperature; the spatial variation characteristics of extreme temperature are not obvious, and the extreme temperature events in the east are slightly larger than those in the western region; the extreme precipitation index shows the insignificant decline overall, which indicates that the precipitation pattern in Inner Mongolia is relatively stable; in terms of spatial variation, the multi-precipitation index of the eastern and western stations is mainly rising, while it is dominated by the downward trend in the central region.