1957-2016年祖厉河上游降水与水沙变化趋势

(1.甘肃农业大学 林学院, 兰州 730070; 2.甘肃省水土保持科学研究所, 兰州 730000)

水沙特征; 降水量; M-K检验法; 小波分析; 变化趋势

Change Trend of Precipitation, Runoff and Sediment in the Upper Zulihe River Basin from 1957 to 2016
ZHAO Xiulan1, ZHOU Rui2, ZHANG Fu1, HU Yanting1, LI Xiaoya1, BAO Bingchen1, JIANG Chengyang1

(1.College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2.Gansu Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, China)

runoff and sediment characteristics; precipitation; Mann-Kendall test; Morlet wavelet; change trend

备注

为了探究半干旱黄土区降水量与径流量、输沙量变化趋势及周期分布规律,采用M-K突变检验、Morlet小波及回归分析,对祖厉河上游1957—2016年降水量与径流量、输沙量进行了研究。结果 表明:降水量、径流量和输沙量呈现出逐年减少的趋势,年际存在明显的“丰—枯”周期性变化。1957—1974年降水量呈增加趋势,其中1963—1968年达到显著水平(p<0.05); 1975—1994年无明显的增减趋势,呈波动变化; 1995—2016年呈不显著减少趋势(p>0.05); 径流量和输沙量变化与降水量相似,1957—1974年呈增加趋势,1975—1994年呈不显著减少趋势,1995—2016年呈显著减少趋势(p<0.05)。年降水量存在3 a,5 a,13 a和18 a的平均变化周期; 径流量存在3 a,6 a和18 a的平均变化周期,输沙量存在3 a,4 a,5 a和18 a的平均变化周期。径流量、输沙量对降水量变化响应由强逐渐减弱,对水土保持措施量变化响应逐渐增强。

In order to explore the change trends of precipitation, runoff, sediment discharge and periodic distribution in semi-arid loess area, based on the data during the period of 1957—2016, the Mann-Kendall trend analysis, mutation test, Morlet wavelet and regression analysis method were used to analyze the precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge change in the upper reaches of Zulihe River. The results showed that the precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge presented the decreasing trend year by year, and there was an obvious cyclical change of abundance-drought during the years; from 1957 to 1974, precipitation presented the increasing trend, which reached a significant level from 1963 to 1968 (p<0.05), there was no significant increase or decrease in 1975—1994, showing a fluctuating change; from 1995 to 2016, it showed no significant decrease (p>0.05); the variation of runoff and sediment discharge was similar to precipitation; runoff and sediment discharge presented the increasing trend from 1957 to 1974, and there was no significant decrease from 1975 to 1994, and significant decrease from 1995 to 2016(p<0.05). The annual precipitation had the average change periods of 3-year, 5-year, 13-year and 18-year; runoff had the average change periods of 3-year, 6-year and 18-year, and the sediment discharge had the average change periods of 3-year, 4-year, 5-year and 18-year. The response of runoff and sediment discharge to the change of precipitation gradually weakened, and the response of runoff and sediment discharge to soil and water conservation measures gradually enhanced.